# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project
# This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package.
# Fernando  Apesteguía <fernando.apesteguia@gmail.com>, 2021, 2022, 2023.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
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"POT-Creation-Date: 2023-01-21 20:00-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2023-02-02 08:23+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Fernando  Apesteguía <fernando.apesteguia@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish <https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/projects/"
"documentation/bookshandbookadvanced-networking_index/es/>\n"
"Language: es\n"
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"X-Generator: Weblate 4.15.1\n"

#. type: YAML Front Matter: description
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "Advanced networking in FreeBSD:  basics of gateways and routes, CARP, how to configure multiple VLANs on FreeBSD, etc"
msgstr "Redes Avanzadas en FreeBSD: conceptos básicos de gateways y rutas, CARP, cómo configurar múltiples VLANs en FreeBSD, etc"

#. type: YAML Front Matter: part
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "IV. Network Communication"
msgstr "IV. Comunicación de Red"

#. type: YAML Front Matter: title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "Chapter 33. Advanced Networking"
msgstr "Capítulo 33. Redes Avanzadas"

#. type: Title =
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:15
#, no-wrap
msgid "Advanced Networking"
msgstr "Redes Avanzadas"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:53
#, no-wrap
msgid "Synopsis"
msgstr "Sinopsis"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:56
msgid "This chapter covers a number of advanced networking topics."
msgstr "Este capítulo cubre cierto número de temas avanzados de redes."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:58
msgid "After reading this chapter, you will know:"
msgstr "Después de leer este capítulo, sabrás:"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:60
msgid "The basics of gateways and routes."
msgstr "Lo básico acerca de gateways y rutas."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:61
msgid "How to set up USB tethering."
msgstr "Cómo configurar tethering por USB."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:62
msgid "How to set up IEEE(R) 802.11 and Bluetooth(R) devices."
msgstr "Cómo configurar dispositivos IEEE(R) 802.11 y Bluetooth(R)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:63
msgid "How to make FreeBSD act as a bridge."
msgstr "Cómo hacer que FreeBSD actúe como un puente."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:64
msgid "How to set up network PXE booting."
msgstr "Cómo configurar arranque por red PXE."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:65
msgid "How to set up IPv6 on a FreeBSD machine."
msgstr "Cómo configurar IPv6 en una máquina FreeBSD."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:66
msgid ""
"How to enable and utilize the features of the Common Address Redundancy "
"Protocol (CARP) in FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"Cómo habilitar y utilizar las características del Common Address Redundancy "
"Protocol (CARP) en FreeBSD."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:67
msgid "How to configure multiple VLANs on FreeBSD."
msgstr "Cómo configurar múltiples VLANs en FreeBSD."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:68
msgid "Configure bluetooth headset."
msgstr "Configurar unos auriculares con micrófono vía bluetooth."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:70
msgid "Before reading this chapter, you should:"
msgstr "Antes de leer este capítulo, deberías:"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:72
msgid "Understand the basics of the [.filename]#/etc/rc# scripts."
msgstr "Comprender lo básico acerca de los scripts [.filename]#/etc/rc#."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:73
msgid "Be familiar with basic network terminology."
msgstr "Estar familiarizado con la terminología básica de red."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:74
msgid ""
"Know how to configure and install a new FreeBSD kernel (crossref:"
"kernelconfig[kernelconfig,Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel])."
msgstr ""
"Saber cómo configurar e instalar un nuevo kernel de FreeBSD "
"(crossref:kernelconfig[kernelconfig,Configurando el Núcleo de FreeBSD])."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:75
msgid ""
"Know how to install additional third-party software (crossref:ports[ports,"
"Installing Applications: Packages and Ports])."
msgstr ""
"Cómo instalar software adicional de terceros (crossref:ports["
"ports,Instalando Aplicaciones: Paquetes y Ports])."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:77
#, no-wrap
msgid "Gateways and Routes"
msgstr "Gateways y Rutas"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:86
msgid ""
"_Routing_ is the mechanism that allows a system to find the network path to "
"another system.  A _route_ is a defined pair of addresses which represent "
"the \"destination\" and a \"gateway\".  The route indicates that when trying "
"to get to the specified destination, send the packets through the specified "
"gateway.  There are three types of destinations: individual hosts, subnets, "
"and \"default\".  The \"default route\" is used if no other routes apply.  "
"There are also three types of gateways: individual hosts, interfaces, also "
"called links, and Ethernet hardware (MAC) addresses.  Known routes are "
"stored in a routing table."
msgstr ""
"_Routing_ es el mecanismo que permite a un sistema encontrar el camino de "
"red a otro sistema. Una _ruta_ es un par de direcciones definido las cuales "
"representan el \"destino\" y el \"gateway\". La ruta indica que cuando se "
"trata de llegar a un destino especificado, se deben enviar los paquetes a "
"través del gateway especificado. Hay tres tipos de destinos: hosts "
"individuales, subredes, y \"default\". La \"ruta por defecto\" se utiliza si "
"no se puede aplicar ninguna otra ruta. También hay tres tipos de gateways: "
"hosts individuales, interfaces, también llamados enlaces, y direcciones "
"Ethernet (MAC). Las rutas conocidas se almacenan en una tabla de "
"enrutamiento."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:89
msgid ""
"This section provides an overview of routing basics.  It then demonstrates "
"how to configure a FreeBSD system as a router and offers some "
"troubleshooting tips."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección proporciona una visión general de aspectos básicos de enrutado. "
"Luego muestra cómo configurar un sistema FreeBSD como un router y "
"proporciona algunas pistas para resolver problemas."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:91
#, no-wrap
msgid "Routing Basics"
msgstr "Enrutamiento Básico"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:94
msgid "To view the routing table of a FreeBSD system, use man:netstat[1]:"
msgstr ""
"Para ver la tabla de enrutamiento de un sistema FreeBSD, usa man:netstat[1]:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:99
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% netstat -r\n"
"Routing tables\n"
msgstr ""
"% netstat -r\n"
"Routing tables\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:111
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Internet:\n"
"Destination      Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire\n"
"default          outside-gw         UGS        37      418       em0\n"
"localhost        localhost          UH          0      181       lo0\n"
"test0            0:e0:b5:36:cf:4f   UHLW        5    63288       re0     77\n"
"10.20.30.255     link#1             UHLW        1     2421\n"
"example.com      link#1             UC          0        0\n"
"host1            0:e0:a8:37:8:1e    UHLW        3     4601       lo0\n"
"host2            0:e0:a8:37:8:1e    UHLW        0        5       lo0 =>\n"
"host2.example.com link#1            UC          0        0\n"
"224              link#1             UC          0        0\n"
msgstr ""
"Internet:\n"
"Destination      Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire\n"
"default          outside-gw         UGS        37      418       em0\n"
"localhost        localhost          UH          0      181       lo0\n"
"test0            0:e0:b5:36:cf:4f   UHLW        5    63288       re0     77\n"
"10.20.30.255     link#1             UHLW        1     2421\n"
"example.com      link#1             UC          0        0\n"
"host1            0:e0:a8:37:8:1e    UHLW        3     4601       lo0\n"
"host2            0:e0:a8:37:8:1e    UHLW        0        5       lo0 =>\n"
"host2.example.com link#1            UC          0        0\n"
"224              link#1             UC          0        0\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:114
msgid "The entries in this example are as follows:"
msgstr "Las entradas en este ejemplo son como sigue:"

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:115
#, no-wrap
msgid "default"
msgstr "Defecto"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:119
msgid ""
"The first route in this table specifies the `default` route.  When the local "
"system needs to make a connection to a remote host, it checks the routing "
"table to determine if a known path exists.  If the remote host matches an "
"entry in the table, the system checks to see if it can connect using the "
"interface specified in that entry."
msgstr ""
"La primera ruta en esta tabla especifica la ruta por defecto (`default`). "
"Cuando el sistema local necesita conectarse a un host remoto, comprueba la "
"tabla de enrutamiento para determinar si existe un camino. Si el host remoto "
"tiene una entrada en la tabla, el sistema comprueba si puede conectar "
"utilizando el interfaz especificado en dicha entrada."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:123
msgid ""
"If the destination does not match an entry, or if all known paths fail, the "
"system uses the entry for the default route.  For hosts on a local area "
"network, the `Gateway` field in the default route is set to the system which "
"has a direct connection to the Internet.  When reading this entry, verify "
"that the `Flags` column indicates that the gateway is usable (`UG`)."
msgstr ""
"Si el destino no tiene una entrada, o si todos los caminos conocidos fallan, "
"el sistema utiliza la entrada para el enrutamiento por defecto. Para hosts "
"en la red de área local, el campo `Gateway` en la ruta por defecto se "
"establece al sistema que tiene una conexión directa a Internet. Cuando se "
"lee esta entrada, verifica que la columna `Flags` indica que el gateway se "
"puede usar (`UG`)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:125
msgid ""
"The default route for a machine which itself is functioning as the gateway "
"to the outside world will be the gateway machine at the Internet Service "
"Provider (ISP)."
msgstr ""
"La ruta por defecto para una máquina que está funcionando como gateway para "
"el mundo exterior será la máquina gateway del Proveedor de Servicio de "
"Internet (ISP)."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:126
#, no-wrap
msgid "localhost"
msgstr "localhost"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:130
msgid ""
"The second route is the `localhost` route.  The interface specified in the "
"`Netif` column for `localhost` is [.filename]#lo0#, also known as the "
"loopback device.  This indicates that all traffic for this destination "
"should be internal, rather than sending it out over the network."
msgstr ""
"La segunda ruta es `localhost`. El interfaz especificado en la columna "
"`Netif` para `localhost` es [.filename]#lo0#, también conocido como el "
"dispositivo loopback. Esto indica que todo el tráfico para este destino "
"debería ser interno, en lugar de enviarlo a través de la red."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:131
#, no-wrap
msgid "MAC address"
msgstr "Dirección MAC"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:137
msgid ""
"The addresses beginning with `0:e0:` are MAC addresses.  FreeBSD will "
"automatically identify any hosts, `test0` in the example, on the local "
"Ethernet and add a route for that host over the Ethernet interface, [."
"filename]#re0#.  This type of route has a timeout, seen in the `Expire` "
"column, which is used if the host does not respond in a specific amount of "
"time.  When this happens, the route to this host will be automatically "
"deleted.  These hosts are identified using the Routing Information Protocol "
"(RIP), which calculates routes to local hosts based upon a shortest path "
"determination."
msgstr ""
"Las direcciones que comienzan con `0:e0` son direcciones MAC. FreeBSD "
"identificará automáticamente cualquier host, `test0` en el ejemplo, en el "
"Ethernet local y añadirá una ruta para ese host sobre el interfaz Ethernet, "
"[.filename]#re0#. Este tipo de ruta tiene un timeout, mostrado en la columna "
"`Expire`, que es usado si el host no responde en un tiempo determinado. "
"Cuando esto sucede, la ruta a este host será automáticamente borrada. Estos "
"hosts se identifican usando el Routing Information Protocol (RIP), que "
"calcula rutas a los hosts locales basándose en la determinación del camino "
"más corto."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:138
#, no-wrap
msgid "subnet"
msgstr "subred"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:142
msgid ""
"FreeBSD will automatically add subnet routes for the local subnet.  In this "
"example, `10.20.30.255` is the broadcast address for the subnet `10.20.30` "
"and `example.com` is the domain name associated with that subnet.  The "
"designation `link#1` refers to the first Ethernet card in the machine."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD añadirá rutas para la subred local. En este ejemplo, `10.20.30.255` "
"es la dirección de broadcast para la subred `10.20.30` y `example.com` es el "
"nombre de dominio asociado con esa subred. La designación `link#1` hace "
"referencia a la primera tarjeta Ethernet de la máquina."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:145
msgid ""
"Local network hosts and local subnets have their routes automatically "
"configured by a daemon called man:routed[8].  If it is not running, only "
"routes which are statically defined by the administrator will exist."
msgstr ""
"Hosts en la red local y subredes locales tienen sus rutas configuradas "
"automáticamente por un demonio llamado man:routed[8]. Si no se está "
"ejecutando, sólo existirán las rutas que hayan sido configuradas "
"estáticamente por el administrador."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:146
#, no-wrap
msgid "host"
msgstr "host"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:149
msgid ""
"The `host1` line refers to the host by its Ethernet address.  Since it is "
"the sending host, FreeBSD knows to use the loopback interface ([."
"filename]#lo0#) rather than the Ethernet interface."
msgstr ""
"La línea `host1` hace referencia al host mediante su dirección Ethernet. "
"Puesto que es el host que envía, FreeBSD sabe que tienen que usar el "
"interfaz loopback ([.filename]#lo0#) en lugar del interfaz Ethernet."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:153
msgid ""
"The two `host2` lines represent aliases which were created using man:"
"ifconfig[8].  The `=>` symbol after the [.filename]#lo0# interface says that "
"an alias has been set in addition to the loopback address.  Such routes only "
"show up on the host that supports the alias and all other hosts on the local "
"network will have a `link#1` line for such routes."
msgstr ""
"Las dos líneas `host2` representan alias que se crean utilizando man:"
"ifconfig[8]. El símbolo `=>` después del interfaz [.filename]#lo0# indica "
"que se ha establecido un alias además de la dirección de loopback. Estas "
"rutas sólo se muestran en el host que suporta el alias y el resto de hosts "
"en la red local tendrán una línea `link#1` para esas rutas."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:154
#, no-wrap
msgid "224"
msgstr "224"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:156
msgid "The final line (destination subnet `224`) deals with multicasting."
msgstr ""
"La última línea (subred de destino `224`) tiene que ver con multicasting."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:159
msgid ""
"Various attributes of each route can be seen in the `Flags` column.  "
"<<routeflags>> summarizes some of these flags and their meanings:"
msgstr ""
"Se pueden ver varios atributos para cada ruta en la columna `Flags`. "
"<<routeflags>> resume algunos de estos flags y sus significados:"

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:161
#, no-wrap
msgid "Commonly Seen Routing Table Flags"
msgstr "Flags Habituales de la Tabla de Enrutado"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:165
#, no-wrap
msgid "Command"
msgstr "Comando"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:167
#, no-wrap
msgid "Purpose"
msgstr "Propósito"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:168
#, no-wrap
msgid "U"
msgstr "U"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:170
#, no-wrap
msgid "The route is active (up)."
msgstr "La ruta está activa (up)."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:171
#, no-wrap
msgid "H"
msgstr "H"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:173
#, no-wrap
msgid "The route destination is a single host."
msgstr "La ruta de destino es un único host."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:174
#, no-wrap
msgid "G"
msgstr "G"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:176
#, no-wrap
msgid "Send anything for this destination on to this gateway, which will figure out from there where to send it."
msgstr "Envía cualquier cosa a este destino a través de este gateway, que averiguará a dónde enviarlo a continuación."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:177
#, no-wrap
msgid "S"
msgstr "S"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:179
#, no-wrap
msgid "This route was statically configured."
msgstr "Esta ruta se ha configurado de forma estática."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:180
#, no-wrap
msgid "C"
msgstr "C"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:182
#, no-wrap
msgid "Clones a new route based upon this route for machines to connect to. This type of route is normally used for local networks."
msgstr "Clona una nueva ruta basada en esta ruta para que las máquinas puedan conectarse. Este tipo de ruta se usa normalmente para redes locales."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:183
#, no-wrap
msgid "W"
msgstr "W"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:185
#, no-wrap
msgid "The route was auto-configured based upon a local area network (clone) route."
msgstr "La ruta ha sido auto configurada basada en una ruta (clonada) de una red de área local."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:186
#, no-wrap
msgid "L"
msgstr "L"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:187
#, no-wrap
msgid "Route involves references to Ethernet (link) hardware."
msgstr "La ruta incluye referencias a hardware Ethernet (link)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:190
msgid ""
"On a FreeBSD system, the default route can defined in [.filename]#/etc/rc."
"conf# by specifying the IP address of the default gateway:"
msgstr ""
"En un sistema FreeBSD, la ruta por defecto se puede configurar en [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf# especificando la dirección IP del gateway por "
"defecto:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:194
#, no-wrap
msgid "defaultrouter=\"10.20.30.1\"\n"
msgstr "defaultrouter=\"10.20.30.1\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:197
msgid "It is also possible to manually add the route using `route`:"
msgstr "También es posible añadir la ruta de forma manual usando `route`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:201
#, no-wrap
msgid "# route add default 10.20.30.1\n"
msgstr "# route add default 10.20.30.1\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:205
msgid ""
"Note that manually added routes will not survive a reboot.  For more "
"information on manual manipulation of network routing tables, refer to man:"
"route[8]."
msgstr ""
"Date cuenta de que las rutas añadidas manualmente no persisten entre "
"reinicios. Para más información sobre la manipulación manual de tablas de "
"enrutamiento de red, consulta man:route[8]."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:207
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuring a Router with Static Routes"
msgstr "Configurando un Router con Rutas Estáticas"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:212
msgid ""
"A FreeBSD system can be configured as the default gateway, or router, for a "
"network if it is a dual-homed system.  A dual-homed system is a host which "
"resides on at least two different networks.  Typically, each network is "
"connected to a separate network interface, though IP aliasing can be used to "
"bind multiple addresses, each on a different subnet, to one physical "
"interface."
msgstr ""
"Un sistema FreeBSD se puede configurar como el gateway por defecto, o "
"router, para una red si es un sistema \"dual-homed\". Un sistema \"dual-homed"
"\" es una máquina que está en al menos dos redes diferentes. Típicamente "
"cada red se conecta a un interfaz de red separada, aunque se puede usar IP "
"aliasing para enlazar múltiples direcciones, cada una en una subred "
"diferente, a una única interfaz física."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:215
msgid ""
"In order for the system to forward packets between interfaces, FreeBSD must "
"be configured as a router.  Internet standards and good engineering practice "
"prevent the FreeBSD Project from enabling this feature by default, but it "
"can be configured to start at boot by adding this line to [.filename]#/etc/"
"rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Para que el sistema pueda reenviar paquetes entre interfaces, FreeBSD debe "
"ser configurado como un router. Los estándares de Internet y las buenas "
"prácticas de ingeniería evitan que el Proyecto FreeBSD active esta "
"característica por defecto, pero se puede configurar en el arranque "
"añadiendo esta línea a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:219
#, no-wrap
msgid "gateway_enable=\"YES\"          # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway\n"
msgstr "gateway_enable=\"YES\"          # Set to YES if this host will be a gateway\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:223
msgid ""
"To enable routing now, set the man:sysctl[8] variable `net.inet.ip."
"forwarding` to `1`.  To stop routing, reset this variable to `0`."
msgstr ""
"Para habilitar el enrutado, establece la variable man:sysctl[8] `net.inet.ip."
"forwarding` a `1`. Para parar el enrutado, restablece esta variable a `0`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:227
msgid ""
"The routing table of a router needs additional routes so it knows how to "
"reach other networks.  Routes can be either added manually using static "
"routes or routes can be automatically learned using a routing protocol.  "
"Static routes are appropriate for small networks and this section describes "
"how to add a static routing entry for a small network."
msgstr ""
"La tabla de enrutamiento de un router necesita rutas adicionales para saber "
"cómo llegar a otras redes. Las rutas se puede añadir manualmente utilizando "
"rutas estáticas o se pueden aprender automáticamente usando un protocolo de "
"enrutamiento. Las rutas estáticas son apropiadas para redes pequeñas y esta "
"sección describe cómo añadir una ruta estática para una red pequeña."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:233
msgid ""
"For large networks, static routes quickly become unscalable.  FreeBSD comes "
"with the standard BSD routing daemon man:routed[8], which provides the "
"routing protocols RIP, versions 1 and 2, and IRDP.  Support for the BGP and "
"OSPF routing protocols can be installed using the package:net/quagga[] "
"package or port."
msgstr ""
"Para redes grandes, las rutas estáticas pronto se vuelven impracticables. "
"FreeBSD incluye el demonio de enrutamiento BSD estándar man:routed[8], que "
"proporciona los protocolos de enrutamiento RIP, versiones 1 y 2, y IRDP. Se "
"puede instalar soporte para los protocolos de enrutado BGP y OSPFS usando el "
"paquete o port package:net/quagga[]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:236
msgid "Consider the following network:"
msgstr "Considera la siguiente red:"

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:237
#, no-wrap
msgid "static-routes.png"
msgstr "static-routes.png"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:242
msgid ""
"In this scenario, `RouterA` is a FreeBSD machine that is acting as a router "
"to the rest of the Internet.  It has a default route set to `10.0.0.1` which "
"allows it to connect with the outside world.  `RouterB` is already "
"configured to use `192.168.1.1` as its default gateway."
msgstr ""
"En este escenario, `RouterA` es una máquina FreeBSD que está actuando como "
"un router para el resto de Internet. Tiene una ruta por defecto establecida "
"a `10.0.0.1` que le permite conectarse con el mundo exterior. `RouterB` ya "
"está configurado para utilizar `192.168.1.1` como su gateway por defecto."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:244
msgid ""
"Before adding any static routes, the routing table on `RouterA` looks like "
"this:"
msgstr ""
"Antes de añadir ninguna ruta estática, la tabla de enrutamiento de `RouterA` "
"tiene este aspecto:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:249
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% netstat -nr\n"
"Routing tables\n"
msgstr ""
"% netstat -nr\n"
"Routing tables\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:256
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Internet:\n"
"Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif  Expire\n"
"default            10.0.0.1           UGS         0    49378    xl0\n"
"127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        6    lo0\n"
"10.0.0.0/24        link#1             UC          0        0    xl0\n"
"192.168.1.0/24     link#2             UC          0        0    xl1\n"
msgstr ""
"Internet:\n"
"Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use  Netif  Expire\n"
"default            10.0.0.1           UGS         0    49378    xl0\n"
"127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UH          0        6    lo0\n"
"10.0.0.0/24        link#1             UC          0        0    xl0\n"
"192.168.1.0/24     link#2             UC          0        0    xl1\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:260
msgid ""
"With the current routing table, `RouterA` does not have a route to the "
"`192.168.2.0/24` network.  The following command adds the `Internal Net 2` "
"network to ``RouterA``'s routing table using `192.168.1.2` as the next hop:"
msgstr ""
"Con la tabla de enrutamiento actual, `RouterA` no tiene una ruta a la red "
"`192.168.2.0/24`. El siguiente comando añade la red `Internal Net 2` a la "
"tabla de enrutamiento de `RouterA` usando `192.168.1.2` para el siguiente "
"salto:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:264
#, no-wrap
msgid "# route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2\n"
msgstr "# route add -net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:269
msgid ""
"Now, `RouterA` can reach any host on the `192.168.2.0/24` network.  However, "
"the routing information will not persist if the FreeBSD system reboots.  If "
"a static route needs to be persistent, add it to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Ahora, `RouterA` puede alcanzar cualquier host en la red `192.168.2.0/24`. "
"Sin embargo, la información de enrutamiento no persistirá si el sistema "
"FreeBSD se reinicia. Si una ruta estática necesita ser persistente, añádela "
"a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:275
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# Add Internal Net 2 as a persistent static route\n"
"static_routes=\"internalnet2\"\n"
"route_internalnet2=\"-net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2\"\n"
msgstr ""
"# Add Internal Net 2 as a persistent static route\n"
"static_routes=\"internalnet2\"\n"
"route_internalnet2=\"-net 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:279
msgid ""
"The `static_routes` configuration variable is a list of strings separated by "
"a space, where each string references a route name.  The variable "
"`route_internalnet2` contains the static route for that route name."
msgstr ""
"La variable de configuración `static_routes` es una lista de cadenas "
"separadas por un espacio, donde cada cadena referencia el nombre de una "
"ruta. La variable `route_internalnet2` contiene la ruta estática para el "
"nombre de esa ruta."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:282
msgid ""
"Using more than one string in `static_routes` creates multiple static "
"routes.  The following shows an example of adding static routes for the "
"`192.168.0.0/24` and `192.168.1.0/24` networks:"
msgstr ""
"Usar más de una cadena en `static_routes` crea múltiples rutas estáticas. Lo "
"siguiente muestra un ejemplo de cómo añadir rutas estáticas para las redes "
"`192.168.0.0/24` y `192.168.1.0/24`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:288
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"static_routes=\"net1 net2\"\n"
"route_net1=\"-net 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.0.1\"\n"
"route_net2=\"-net 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1\"\n"
msgstr ""
"static_routes=\"net1 net2\"\n"
"route_net1=\"-net 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.0.1\"\n"
"route_net2=\"-net 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.1\"\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:291
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1366
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1881
#, no-wrap
msgid "Troubleshooting"
msgstr "Resolución de problemas"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:295
msgid ""
"When an address space is assigned to a network, the service provider "
"configures their routing tables so that all traffic for the network will be "
"sent to the link for the site.  But how do external sites know to send their "
"packets to the network's ISP?"
msgstr ""
"Cuando se asigna un espacio de direcciones a una red, el proveedor de "
"servicio configura sus propias tablas de enrutamiento de forma que todo el "
"tráfico para la red se enviará a través del enlace para el sitio. Pero ¿cómo "
"saben los sitios externos que tienen que enviar sus paquetes al ISP de la "
"red?"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:298
msgid ""
"There is a system that keeps track of all assigned address spaces and "
"defines their point of connection to the Internet backbone, or the main "
"trunk lines that carry Internet traffic across the country and around the "
"world.  Each backbone machine has a copy of a master set of tables, which "
"direct traffic for a particular network to a specific backbone carrier, and "
"from there down the chain of service providers until it reaches a particular "
"network."
msgstr ""
"Hay un sistema que lleva el control de todos los espacios de direcciones "
"asignados y define sus puntos de conexión a la red principal de Internet, o "
"las líneas troncales que llevan el tráfico por todo el país y alrededor del "
"mundo. Cada máquina troncal tiene una copia de un conjunto maestro de "
"tablas, las cuales dirigen el tráfico para una red particular hacia un "
"portador troncal específico, y de ahí bajando por la cadena de proveedores "
"de servicio hasta que alcanza una red particular."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:301
msgid ""
"It is the task of the service provider to advertise to the backbone sites "
"that they are the point of connection, and thus the path inward, for a "
"site.  This is known as route propagation."
msgstr ""
"Es tarea del proveedor de servicio avisar a los sitios troncales de que son "
"el punto de conexión, y por tanto el camino de entrada, para un sitio. Esto "
"se conoce como propagación de ruta."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:305
msgid ""
"Sometimes, there is a problem with route propagation and some sites are "
"unable to connect.  Perhaps the most useful command for trying to figure out "
"where routing is breaking down is `traceroute`.  It is useful when `ping` "
"fails."
msgstr ""
"A veces, hay algún problema con la propagación de ruta y algunos sitios son "
"incapaces de conectar. Quizás el comando más útil para intentar averiguar "
"dónde se rompe la ruta es `traceroute`. Es útil cuando `ping` falla."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:309
msgid ""
"When using `traceroute`, include the address of the remote host to connect "
"to.  The output will show the gateway hosts along the path of the attempt, "
"eventually either reaching the target host, or terminating because of a lack "
"of connection.  For more information, refer to man:traceroute[8]."
msgstr ""
"Cuando uses `traceroute`, incluye la dirección del host remoto al que "
"conectar. La salida mostrará el gateway junto con el camino que sigue el "
"intento, eventualmente alcanzando el destino, o terminando debido a la falta "
"de conexión. Para más información, consulta man:traceroute[8]."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:311
#, no-wrap
msgid "Multicast Considerations"
msgstr "Consideraciones para Multicast"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:316
msgid ""
"FreeBSD natively supports both multicast applications and multicast "
"routing.  Multicast applications do not require any special configuration in "
"order to run on FreeBSD.  Support for multicast routing requires that the "
"following option be compiled into a custom kernel:"
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD soporta de forma nativa tanto aplicaciones multicast como "
"enrutamiento multicast. Las aplicaciones multicast no necesitan ninguna "
"configuración especial para ejecutarse en FreeBSD. El soporte para "
"enrutamiento multicast requiere que la siguiente opción esté incluida en un "
"kernel personalizado:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:320
#, no-wrap
msgid "options MROUTING\n"
msgstr "options MROUTING\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:326
msgid ""
"The multicast routing daemon, mrouted can be installed using the package:net/"
"mrouted[] package or port.  This daemon implements the DVMRP multicast "
"routing protocol and is configured by editing [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/"
"mrouted.conf# in order to set up the tunnels and DVMRP.  The installation of "
"mrouted also installs map-mbone and mrinfo, as well as their associated man "
"pages.  Refer to these for configuration examples."
msgstr ""
"El demonio de enrutamiento multicast, mrouted se puede instalar usando el "
"paquete o port package:net/mrouted[]. Este demonio implementa el protocolo "
"de enrutamiento multicast DVMRP y se configura editando el fichero [."
"filename]#/usr/local/etc/mrouted.conf# para configurar los túneles y DVMRP. "
"La instalación de mrouted también instala map-mbone y mrinfo, así como sus "
"páginas de manual. Consúltalas para ver ejemplos de configuración."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:331
msgid ""
"DVMRP has largely been replaced by the PIM protocol in many multicast "
"installations.  Refer to man:pim[4] for more information."
msgstr ""
"DVMRP ha sido ampliamente sustituido por el protocolo PIM en muchas "
"instalaciones multicast. Consulta man:pim[4] para más información."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:334
#, no-wrap
msgid "Wireless Networking"
msgstr "Redes Inalámbricas"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:336
#, no-wrap
msgid "Wireless Networking Basics"
msgstr "Fundamentos de Redes Inalámbricas"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:340
msgid ""
"Most wireless networks are based on the IEEE(R) 802.11 standards.  A basic "
"wireless network consists of multiple stations communicating with radios "
"that broadcast in either the 2.4GHz or 5GHz band, though this varies "
"according to the locale and is also changing to enable communication in the "
"2.3GHz and 4.9GHz ranges."
msgstr ""
"La mayoría de las redes inalámbricas se basan en los estándares IEEE(R) "
"802.11. Una red inalámbrica básica consiste en varias estaciones que se "
"comunican con radios que emiten en las bandas de 2.4GHz o 5GHz, aunque esto "
"varía dependiendo del locale y también está cambiando para habilitar la "
"comunicación en los rangos 2.3GHz y 4.9GHz."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:346
msgid ""
"802.11 networks are organized in two ways.  In _infrastructure mode_, one "
"station acts as a master with all the other stations associating to it, the "
"network is known as a BSS, and the master station is termed an access point "
"(AP).  In a BSS, all communication passes through the AP; even when one "
"station wants to communicate with another wireless station, messages must go "
"through the AP.  In the second form of network, there is no master and "
"stations communicate directly.  This form of network is termed an IBSS and "
"is commonly known as an _ad-hoc network_."
msgstr ""
"Las redes 802.11 se organizan de dos maneras. En el _modo infraestructura_, "
"una estación actúa como maestro y las demás estaciones se asocian a ella, la "
"red se conoce como un BSS, y la estación maestra se denomina punto de acceso "
"(AP). En un BSS, toda la comunicación pasa a través del AP; incluso cuando "
"una estación se quiere comunicar con otra estación inalámbrica, los mensajes "
"deben ir a través del AP. En el segundo modo de la red, no hay maestro y las "
"estaciones se comunican directamente. Esta forma de red se denomina IBSS y "
"se conoce comúnmente como una _red ad-hoc_."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:351
msgid ""
"802.11 networks were first deployed in the 2.4GHz band using protocols "
"defined by the IEEE(R) 802.11 and 802.11b standard.  These specifications "
"include the operating frequencies and the MAC layer characteristics, "
"including framing and transmission rates, as communication can occur at "
"various rates.  Later, the 802.11a standard defined operation in the 5GHz "
"band, including different signaling mechanisms and higher transmission "
"rates.  Still later, the 802.11g standard defined the use of 802.11a "
"signaling and transmission mechanisms in the 2.4GHz band in such a way as to "
"be backwards compatible with 802.11b networks."
msgstr ""
"Las redes 802.11 se desplegaron por primera vez en la banda 2.4GHz usando "
"protocolos definidos por los estándares 802.11 y 802.11b de IEEE(R). Estas "
"especificaciones incluyen las frecuencias de operación y las características "
"de la capa MAC, incluyendo las tasas \"framing\" y de transmisión, ya que la "
"comunicación puede ocurrir a diferentes velocidades. Posteriormente el "
"estándar 802.11a definió la operación en la banda 5GHz, incluyendo "
"diferentes mecanismos de señalización y tasas de transmisión más elevadas. "
"Algo más tarde, el estándar 802.11g definió el uso de los mecanismos de "
"transmisión y señalización de 802.11a en la banda de 2.4GHz de tal modo que "
"fuera compatible hacia atrás con las redes 802.11b."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:364
msgid ""
"Separate from the underlying transmission techniques, 802.11 networks have a "
"variety of security mechanisms.  The original 802.11 specifications defined "
"a simple security protocol called WEP.  This protocol uses a fixed pre-"
"shared key and the RC4 cryptographic cipher to encode data transmitted on a "
"network.  Stations must all agree on the fixed key in order to communicate.  "
"This scheme was shown to be easily broken and is now rarely used except to "
"discourage transient users from joining networks.  Current security practice "
"is given by the IEEE(R) 802.11i specification that defines new cryptographic "
"ciphers and an additional protocol to authenticate stations to an access "
"point and exchange keys for data communication.  Cryptographic keys are "
"periodically refreshed and there are mechanisms for detecting and countering "
"intrusion attempts.  Another security protocol specification commonly used "
"in wireless networks is termed WPA, which was a precursor to 802.11i.  WPA "
"specifies a subset of the requirements found in 802.11i and is designed for "
"implementation on legacy hardware.  Specifically, WPA requires only the TKIP "
"cipher that is derived from the original WEP cipher.  802.11i permits use of "
"TKIP but also requires support for a stronger cipher, AES-CCM, for "
"encrypting data.  The AES cipher was not required in WPA because it was "
"deemed too computationally costly to be implemented on legacy hardware."
msgstr ""
"De forma separada de las técnicas de transmisión subyacentes, las redes "
"802.11 tienen un conjunto de mecanismos de seguridad. Las especificaciones "
"802.11 originales definían un protocolo de seguridad sencillo denominado "
"WEP. Este protocolo utiliza una clave compartida prefijada y el codificador "
"criptográfico RC4 para codificar los datos transmitidos por la red. Todas "
"las estaciones deben ponerse de acuerdo en la clave fijada para poder "
"comunicarse. Se ha demostrado que este esquema se puede romper fácilmente y "
"actualmente no se usa salvo para desaconsejar a algunos usuarios que se "
"conecten a algunas redes. La práctica de seguridad actual se fija por la "
"especificación IEEE(R) 802.11i que define nuevos codificadores "
"criptográficos y un protocolo adicional para autenticar estaciones contra un "
"punto de acceso e intercambiar claves para realizar la comunicación. Las "
"claves criptográficas se refrescan periódicamente y hay mecanismos para "
"detectar y contrarrestar intentos de intrusión. Otra especificación de "
"protocolo de seguridad que se usa en redes inalámbricas habitualmente se "
"denomina WPA, que fue un precursos de 802.11i. WPA especifica un subconjunto "
"de los requisitos que se encuentran en 802.11i y está diseñado para poder se "
"implementado en hardware heredado. Específicamente, WPA sólo requiere el "
"codificador TKIP que se deriva del codificador original WEP. 802.11i permite "
"el uso de TKIP pero también requiere soporte para un codificador más fuerte, "
"AES-CCM, para encriptar los datos. El codificador AES no era necesario en "
"WPA porque se consideraba demasiado costoso computacionalmente como para se "
"implementado en hardware heredado."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:369
msgid ""
"The other standard to be aware of is 802.11e. It defines protocols for "
"deploying multimedia applications, such as streaming video and voice over IP "
"(VoIP), in an 802.11 network.  Like 802.11i, 802.11e also has a precursor "
"specification termed WME (later renamed WMM) that has been defined by an "
"industry group as a subset of 802.11e that can be deployed now to enable "
"multimedia applications while waiting for the final ratification of "
"802.11e.  The most important thing to know about 802.11e and WME/WMM is that "
"it enables prioritized traffic over a wireless network through Quality of "
"Service (QoS) protocols and enhanced media access protocols.  Proper "
"implementation of these protocols enables high speed bursting of data and "
"prioritized traffic flow."
msgstr ""
"El otro estándar que hay que considerar es 802.11e. Define protocolos para "
"desplegar aplicaciones multimedia, como streaming de voz y vídeo sobre IP "
"(VoIP), en una red 802.11. Al igual que 802.11i, 802.11e también tiene una "
"especificación precedente llamada WME (posteriormente renombrada a WMM) que "
"ha sido definida por un grupo industrial como un subconjunto de 802.11e que "
"se puede desplegar actualmente para habilitar aplicaciones multimedia "
"mientras se espera a la ratificación final de 802.11e. Lo más importante que "
"hay que saber acerca de 802.11e y WME/WMM es que habilita la priorización de "
"tráfico sobre redes inalámbricas mediante protocolos de tipo Calidad de "
"Servicio (QoS) y mejora los protocolos de acceso a medios. La implementación "
"adecuada de estos protocolos habilita los picos de datos de alta velocidad y "
"flujos de tráfico priorizados."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:372
msgid ""
"FreeBSD supports networks that operate using 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g.  "
"The WPA and 802.11i security protocols are likewise supported (in "
"conjunction with any of 11a, 11b, and 11g) and QoS and traffic "
"prioritization required by the WME/WMM protocols are supported for a limited "
"set of wireless devices."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD soporta redes que operan usando 802.11a, 802.11b, y 802.11g. Los "
"protocolos de seguridad WPA y 802.11i también están soportados (junto con "
"cualquiera de 11a, 11b, y 11g) y QoS y la priorización de tráfico necesarios "
"para los protocolos WME/WMM están soportados para un conjunto limitado de "
"dispositivos inalámbricos."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:374
#, no-wrap
msgid "Quick Start"
msgstr "Inicio rápido"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:378
msgid ""
"Connecting a computer to an existing wireless network is a very common "
"situation.  This procedure shows the steps required."
msgstr ""
"Conectar un ordenador a una red inalámbrica existente es una situación muy "
"común. Este procedimiento muestra los pasos necesarios."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:381
msgid ""
"Obtain the SSID (Service Set Identifier) and PSK (Pre-Shared Key) for the "
"wireless network from the network administrator."
msgstr ""
"Obtén el SSID (Service Set Identifier) y PSK (Pre-Shared Key) para la red "
"inalámbrica a través del administrador de la red."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:383
msgid ""
"Identify the wireless adapter. The FreeBSD [.filename]#GENERIC# kernel "
"includes drivers for many common wireless adapters.  If the wireless adapter "
"is one of those models, it will be listed in the man:sysctl[8] `net.wlan."
"devices` variable:"
msgstr ""
"Identifica el adaptador inalámbrico. El kernel [.filename]#GENERIC# de "
"FreeBSD incluye controladores para muchos adaptadores inalámbricos "
"habituales. Si el adaptador inalámbrico es uno de esos modelos aparecerá en "
"la lista de la variable `net.wlan.devices` de man:sysctl[8]:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:387
#, no-wrap
msgid "% sysctl net.wlan.devices\n"
msgstr "% sysctl net.wlan.devices\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:390
msgid ""
"If a wireless adapter is not listed, an additional kernel module might be "
"required, or it might be a model not supported by FreeBSD."
msgstr ""
"Si un adaptador inalámbrico no aparece en la lista, podrían ser necesarios "
"módulos adicionales para el kernel, o podría ser un modelo no soportado por "
"FreeBSD."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:392
msgid "This example shows the Atheros `ath0` wireless adapter."
msgstr "Este ejemplo muestra el adaptador inalámbrico Atheros `ath0`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:393
msgid ""
"Add an entry for this network to [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf#. If "
"the file does not exist, create it. Replace _myssid_ and _mypsk_ with the "
"SSID and PSK provided by the network administrator."
msgstr ""
"Añade una entrada para esta red en [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf#. Si "
"el fichero no existe, créalo. Sustituye _myssid_ y _mypsk_ con el SSID y el "
"PSK proporcionado por el administrador de red."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:400
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"network={\n"
"\tssid=\"myssid\"\n"
"\tpsk=\"mypsk\"\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"network={\n"
"\tssid=\"myssid\"\n"
"\tpsk=\"mypsk\"\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:403
msgid ""
"Add entries to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# to configure the network on startup:"
msgstr ""
"Añade entradas a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# para configurar la red durante el "
"arranque:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:408
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"WPA SYNCDHCP\"\n"
msgstr ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"WPA SYNCDHCP\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:411
msgid ""
"Restart the computer, or restart the network service to connect to the "
"network:"
msgstr ""
"Reinicia el ordenador, o reinicia el servicio de red para conectar a la red:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:415
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service netif restart\n"
msgstr "# service netif restart\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:418
#, no-wrap
msgid "Basic Setup"
msgstr "Configuración Básica"

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:420
#, no-wrap
msgid "Kernel Configuration"
msgstr "Configuración del kernel"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:424
msgid ""
"To use wireless networking, a wireless networking card is needed and the "
"kernel needs to be configured with the appropriate wireless networking "
"support.  The kernel is separated into multiple modules so that only the "
"required support needs to be configured."
msgstr ""
"Para usar redes inalámbricas, se necesita una tarjeta de red inalámbrica y "
"el kernel necesita estar configurado con el soporte de red apropiado para "
"redes inalámbricas. El kernel está separado en múltiples módulos de forma "
"que sólo se necesita configurar el suporte necesario."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:427
msgid ""
"The most commonly used wireless devices are those that use parts made by "
"Atheros.  These devices are supported by man:ath[4] and require the "
"following line to be added to [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Los dispositivos inalámbricos más utilizados son aquellos que utilizan "
"partes fabricadas por Atheros. Estos dispositivos están soportados por man:"
"ath[4] y requieren la siguiente línea en [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:431
#, no-wrap
msgid "if_ath_load=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "if_ath_load=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:437
msgid ""
"The Atheros driver is split up into three separate pieces: the driver (man:"
"ath[4]), the hardware support layer that handles chip-specific functions "
"(man:ath_hal[4]), and an algorithm for selecting the rate for transmitting "
"frames.  When this support is loaded as kernel modules, any dependencies are "
"automatically handled.  To load support for a different type of wireless "
"device, specify the module for that device.  This example is for devices "
"based on the Intersil Prism parts (man:wi[4]) driver:"
msgstr ""
"El controlador Atheros está separado en tres piezas independientes: el "
"controlador (man:ath[4]), la capa de soporte hardware que maneja funciones "
"específicas del chip (man:ath_hal[4]), y el algoritmo para seleccionar la "
"tasa de transmisión de marcos (frames). Cuando se carga este soporte como "
"módulos del kernel, cualquier dependencia se maneja de forma automática. "
"Para cargar soporte para un tipo de dispositivo inalámbrico distinto, "
"especifica el módulo para dicho dispositivo. Este ejemplo es para "
"dispositivos basados en el controlador Intersil Prism (man:wi[i]):"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:441
#, no-wrap
msgid "if_wi_load=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "if_wi_load=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:448
msgid ""
"The examples in this section use an man:ath[4] device and the device name in "
"the examples must be changed according to the configuration.  A list of "
"available wireless drivers and supported adapters can be found in the "
"FreeBSD Hardware Notes, available on the https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/"
"[Release Information] page of the FreeBSD website.  If a native FreeBSD "
"driver for the wireless device does not exist, it may be possible to use the "
"Windows(R) driver with the help of the crossref:config[config-network-ndis,"
"NDIS] driver wrapper."
msgstr ""
"Los ejemplos en esta sección utilizan un dispositivo man:ath[4] y el nombre "
"del dispositivo en los ejemplos se debe cambiar de acuerdo con la "
"configuración. Se puede encontrar una lista de los controladores "
"inalámbricos disponibles así como los adaptadores soportados en las Notas de "
"Hardware de FreeBSD en la página https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/[Release "
"Information] del sitio web de FreeBSD. Si no existe un controlador nativo de "
"FreeBSD para el dispositivo inalámbrico, podría ser posible utilizar el "
"controlador de Windows(R) con la ayuda del adaptador de controladores ."
"crossref:config[config-network-ndis,NDIS]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:456
msgid ""
"In addition, the modules that implement cryptographic support for the "
"security protocols to use must be loaded.  These are intended to be "
"dynamically loaded on demand by the man:wlan[4] module, but for now they "
"must be manually configured.  The following modules are available: man:"
"wlan_wep[4], man:wlan_ccmp[4], and man:wlan_tkip[4].  The man:wlan_ccmp[4] "
"and man:wlan_tkip[4] drivers are only needed when using the WPA or 802.11i "
"security protocols.  If the network does not use encryption, man:wlan_wep[4] "
"support is not needed.  To load these modules at boot time, add the "
"following lines to [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Además, se tienen que cargar los módulos que implementan el soporte "
"criptográfico para los protocolos de seguridad. Estos están pensados para "
"ser cargados dinámicamente bajo demanda por el módulo man:wlan[4], pero por "
"el momento se deben configurar manualmente. Los siguientes módulos están "
"disponibles: man:wlan_wep[4], man:wlan_ccmp[4], y man:wlan_tkip[4]. Los "
"constroladores man:wlan_ccmp[4] y man:wlan_tkip[4] sólo son necesarios "
"cuando se utilizan protocolos de seguridad WPA o 802.11i. Si la red no "
"soporta encriptación, no se necesita man:wlan_wep[4]. Para cargar estos "
"módulos en el arranque, añade las siguientes líneas a [.filename]#/boot/"
"loader.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:462
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"wlan_wep_load=\"YES\"\n"
"wlan_ccmp_load=\"YES\"\n"
"wlan_tkip_load=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr ""
"wlan_wep_load=\"YES\"\n"
"wlan_ccmp_load=\"YES\"\n"
"wlan_tkip_load=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:466
msgid ""
"Once this information has been added to [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#, "
"reboot the FreeBSD box.  Alternately, load the modules by hand using man:"
"kldload[8]."
msgstr ""
"Una vez que se ha añadido esta información a [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#, "
"reinicia la máquina FreeBSD. De forma alternativa, carga los módulos a mano "
"utilizando man:kldload[8]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:470
msgid ""
"For users who do not want to use modules, it is possible to compile these "
"drivers into the kernel by adding the following lines to a custom kernel "
"configuration file:"
msgstr ""
"Para usuarios que no quieren usar módulos, es posible compilar estos "
"controladores en el kernel añadiendo las siguientes líneas al fichero de "
"configuración de un kernel personalizado:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:482
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"device wlan                 # 802.11 support\n"
"device wlan_wep             # 802.11 WEP support\n"
"device wlan_ccmp            # 802.11 CCMP support\n"
"device wlan_tkip            # 802.11 TKIP support\n"
"device wlan_amrr            # AMRR transmit rate control algorithm\n"
"device ath                  # Atheros pci/cardbus NIC's\n"
"device ath_hal              # pci/cardbus chip support\n"
"options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416   # enable AR5416 tx/rx descriptors\n"
"device ath_rate_sample      # SampleRate tx rate control for ath\n"
msgstr ""
"device wlan                 # 802.11 support\n"
"device wlan_wep             # 802.11 WEP support\n"
"device wlan_ccmp            # 802.11 CCMP support\n"
"device wlan_tkip            # 802.11 TKIP support\n"
"device wlan_amrr            # AMRR transmit rate control algorithm\n"
"device ath                  # Atheros pci/cardbus NIC's\n"
"device ath_hal              # pci/cardbus chip support\n"
"options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416   # enable AR5416 tx/rx descriptors\n"
"device ath_rate_sample      # SampleRate tx rate control for ath\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:485
msgid ""
"With this information in the kernel configuration file, recompile the kernel "
"and reboot the FreeBSD machine."
msgstr ""
"Con esta información en el fichero de configuración del kernel, recompila el "
"kernel y reinicia la máquina FreeBSD."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:488
msgid ""
"Information about the wireless device should appear in the boot messages, "
"like this:"
msgstr ""
"En los mensajes de arranque debería aparecer información como esta acerca "
"del dispositivo inalámbrico:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:494
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ath0: <Atheros 5212> mem 0x88000000-0x8800ffff irq 11 at device 0.0 on cardbus1\n"
"ath0: [ITHREAD]\n"
"ath0: AR2413 mac 7.9 RF2413 phy 4.5\n"
msgstr ""
"ath0: <Atheros 5212> mem 0x88000000-0x8800ffff irq 11 at device 0.0 on cardbus1\n"
"ath0: [ITHREAD]\n"
"ath0: AR2413 mac 7.9 RF2413 phy 4.5\n"

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:496
#, no-wrap
msgid "Setting the Correct Region"
msgstr "Estableciendo la Región Correcta"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:499
msgid ""
"Since the regulatory situation is different in various parts of the world, "
"it is necessary to correctly set the domains that apply to your location to "
"have the correct information about what channels can be used."
msgstr ""
"Como la situación regulatoria es diferente en varios puntos del mundo, es "
"necesario establecer correctamente los dominios que aplican a tu "
"localización para así tener información correcta sobre los canales que se "
"pueden utilizar."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:502
msgid ""
"The available region definitions can be found in [.filename]#/etc/regdomain."
"xml#.  To set the data at runtime, use `ifconfig`:"
msgstr ""
"Se pueden encontrar las definiciones de las regiones disponibles en [."
"filename]#/etc/regdomain.xml#. Para establecer datos en tiempo de ejecución, "
"usa `ifconfig`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:506
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 regdomain ETSI country AT\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig wlan0 regdomain ETSI country AT\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:509
msgid "To persist the settings, add it to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Para hacer los cambios persistentes, añádelos a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:513
#, no-wrap
msgid "# sysrc create_args_wlan0=\"country AT regdomain ETSI\"\n"
msgstr "# sysrc create_args_wlan0=\"country AT regdomain ETSI\"\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:515
#, no-wrap
msgid "Infrastructure Mode"
msgstr "Modo Infraestructura"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:521
msgid ""
"Infrastructure (BSS) mode is the mode that is typically used.  In this mode, "
"a number of wireless access points are connected to a wired network.  Each "
"wireless network has its own name, called the SSID.  Wireless clients "
"connect to the wireless access points."
msgstr ""
"El modo infraestructura (BSS) es el modo que se utiliza habitualmente. En "
"este modo, un número de puntos de acceso inalámbrico se conectan a una red "
"por cable. Cada red inalámbrica tiene su propio nombre, llamado SSID. Los "
"clientes inalámbricos se conectan a los puntos de acceso inalámbricos."

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:522
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD Clients"
msgstr "Clientes FreeBSD"

#. type: Title =====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:524
#, no-wrap
msgid "How to Find Access Points"
msgstr "Cómo Encontrar Puntos de Acceso"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:529
msgid ""
"To scan for available networks, use man:ifconfig[8].  This request may take "
"a few moments to complete as it requires the system to switch to each "
"available wireless frequency and probe for available access points.  Only "
"the superuser can initiate a scan:"
msgstr ""
"Para escanear redes disponibles, usa man:ifconfig[8]. Esta petición puede "
"tardar un poco en completarse ya que requiere que el sistema cambie para "
"cada una de las frecuencias inalámbricas disponibles y escanee puntos de "
"acceso disponibles. Sólo el super usuario puede iniciar un escaneo:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:537
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 up scan\n"
"SSID/MESH ID    BSSID              CHAN RATE   S:N     INT CAPS\n"
"dlinkap         00:13:46:49:41:76   11   54M -90:96   100 EPS  WPA WME\n"
"freebsdap       00:11:95:c3:0d:ac    1   54M -83:96   100 EPS  WPA\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 up scan\n"
"SSID/MESH ID    BSSID              CHAN RATE   S:N     INT CAPS\n"
"dlinkap         00:13:46:49:41:76   11   54M -90:96   100 EPS  WPA WME\n"
"freebsdap       00:11:95:c3:0d:ac    1   54M -83:96   100 EPS  WPA\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:543
msgid ""
"The interface must be `up` before it can scan.  Subsequent scan requests do "
"not require the interface to be marked as up again."
msgstr ""
"El interfaz debe estar levantado (`up`) para poder escanear. Escaneos "
"subsiguientes no necesitan que la interfaz se levante de nuevo."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:548
msgid ""
"The output of a scan request lists each BSS/IBSS network found.  Besides "
"listing the name of the network, the `SSID`, the output also shows the "
"`BSSID`, which is the MAC address of the access point.  The `CAPS` field "
"identifies the type of each network and the capabilities of the stations "
"operating there (see the definition of `list scan` in man:ifconfig[8] for "
"more details)."
msgstr ""
"La salida de una petición de escaneo lista cada red BSS/IBSS encontrada. "
"Además de listar el nombre de la red, el `SSID`, la salida también muestra "
"el `BSSID`, que es la dirección MAC del punto de acceso. El campo `CAPS` "
"identifica el tipo de cada red y las capacidades de las estaciones de "
"operación (consulta la definición de `list scan` en man:ifconfig[8] para más "
"detalles)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:550
msgid "One can also display the current list of known networks with:"
msgstr "También se puede mostrar la lista actual de redes conocidas con:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:554
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 list scan\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig wlan0 list scan\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:558
msgid ""
"This information may be updated automatically by the adapter or manually "
"with a `scan` request.  Old data is automatically removed from the cache, so "
"over time this list may shrink unless more scans are done."
msgstr ""
"La información puede ser actualizada automáticamente por el adaptador o de "
"forma manual con una petición `scan`. Los datos antiguos se eliminan "
"automáticamente de la caché, de forma que con el tiempo esta lista se hace "
"más pequeña a menos que se hagan más escaneos."

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:559
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1137
#, no-wrap
msgid "Basic Settings"
msgstr "Configuración Básica"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:563
msgid ""
"This section provides a simple example of how to make the wireless network "
"adapter work in FreeBSD without encryption.  Once familiar with these "
"concepts, it is strongly recommend to use <<network-wireless-wpa,WPA>> to "
"set up the wireless network."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección proporciona un ejemplo sencillo de cómo hacer que un adaptador "
"de red inalámbrico funcione en FreeBSD sin encriptación. Una vez "
"familiarizados con estos conceptos, se recomienda encarecidamente usar "
"<<network-wireless-wpa,WPA>> para configurar la red inalámbrica."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:566
msgid ""
"There are three basic steps to configure a wireless network: select an "
"access point, authenticate the station, and configure an IP address.  The "
"following sections discuss each step."
msgstr ""
"Hay tres pasos básicos para configurar una red inalámbrica: seleccionar el "
"punto de acceso, autenticar la estación, y configurar una dirección IP. Las "
"secciones siguientes discuten cada uno de los pasos."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:568
msgid "====== Selecting an Access Point"
msgstr "====== Seleccionar un Punto de Acceso"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:571
msgid ""
"Most of the time, it is sufficient to let the system choose an access point "
"using the builtin heuristics.  This is the default behavior when an "
"interface is marked as up or it is listed in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"La mayoría de las veces, es suficiente con dejar al sistema escoger un punto "
"de acceso utilizando las heurísticas integradas. Este es el comportamiento "
"por defecto cuando una interfaz se marca como levantada o si está listada en "
"[.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:576
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:646
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"DHCP\"\n"
msgstr ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"DHCP\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:579
msgid ""
"If there are multiple access points, a specific one can be selected by its "
"SSID:"
msgstr ""
"Si hay varios puntos de acceso, se puede seleccionar uno específico por su "
"SSID:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:584
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"ssid your_ssid_here DHCP\"\n"
msgstr ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"ssid your_ssid_here DHCP\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:588
msgid ""
"In an environment where there are multiple access points with the same SSID, "
"which is often done to simplify roaming, it may be necessary to associate to "
"one specific device.  In this case, the BSSID of the access point can be "
"specified, with or without the SSID:"
msgstr ""
"En entornos donde hay varios puntos de acceso con el mismo SSID, que es algo "
"habitual para simplificar el roaming, podría ser necesario asociar con un "
"dispositivo específico. En este caso, se puede especificar el BSSID del "
"punto de acceso, con o sin el SSID:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:593
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"ssid your_ssid_here bssid xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx DHCP\"\n"
msgstr ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"ssid your_ssid_here bssid xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx DHCP\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:598
msgid ""
"There are other ways to constrain the choice of an access point, such as "
"limiting the set of frequencies the system will scan on.  This may be useful "
"for a multi-band wireless card as scanning all the possible channels can be "
"time-consuming.  To limit operation to a specific band, use the `mode` "
"parameter:"
msgstr ""
"Hay otras formas de limitar la elección de un punto de acceso, como limitar "
"el conjunto de frecuencias que puede escanear el sistema. Esto podría ser "
"útil para tarjetas inalámbricas multi-banda ya que escanear todos los "
"canales puede llevar mucho tiempo. Para limitar la operación a una banda "
"específica, utiliza el parámetro `mode`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:603
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"mode 11g ssid your_ssid_here DHCP\"\n"
msgstr ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"mode 11g ssid your_ssid_here DHCP\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:608
msgid ""
"This example will force the card to operate in 802.11g, which is defined "
"only for 2.4GHz frequencies so any 5GHz channels will not be considered.  "
"This can also be achieved with the `channel` parameter, which locks "
"operation to one specific frequency, and the `chanlist` parameter, to "
"specify a list of channels for scanning.  More information about these "
"parameters can be found in man:ifconfig[8]."
msgstr ""
"Este ejemplo forzará a la tarjeta a operar en 802.11g, que sólo se define "
"para frecuencias de 2.4GHz de forma que no se considerarán los canales de "
"5GHz. Esto también se puede hacer con el parámetro `channel`, que fija la "
"operación a una frecuencia específica, y el parámetro `chanlist`, para "
"especificar una lista de canales para escanear. Se puede encontrar más "
"información acerca de estos parámetros en man:ifconfig[8]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:610
msgid "====== Authentication"
msgstr "====== Autenticación"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:618
msgid ""
"Once an access point is selected, the station needs to authenticate before "
"it can pass data.  Authentication can happen in several ways.  The most "
"common scheme, open authentication, allows any station to join the network "
"and communicate.  This is the authentication to use for test purposes the "
"first time a wireless network is setup.  Other schemes require cryptographic "
"handshakes to be completed before data traffic can flow, either using pre-"
"shared keys or secrets, or more complex schemes that involve backend "
"services such as RADIUS.  Open authentication is the default setting.  The "
"next most common setup is WPA-PSK, also known as WPA Personal, which is "
"described in <<network-wireless-wpa-wpa-psk>>."
msgstr ""
"Una vez que se ha seleccionado un punto de acceso, la estación necesita "
"autenticarse antes de que pueda pasar datos. La autenticación se puede hacer "
"de varias maneras. El esquema más común, autenticación abierta, permite a "
"cualquier estación unirse a la red y comunicarse. Esta es la autenticación "
"utilizada para realizar pruebas la primera vez que se configura una red "
"inalámbrica. Otros esquemas requieren que se completen negociaciones "
"criptográficas antes de que los datos puedan fluir, bien utilizando claves o "
"secretos previamente compartidos, o esquemas más completos que involucran "
"servicios de backend como RADIUS. La autenticación abierta es la "
"configuración por defecto. La siguiente configuración más habitual es WPA-"
"PSK, también conocida como WPA Personal, que se describe en <<network-"
"wireless-wpa-wpa-psk>>."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:624
msgid ""
"If using an Apple(R) AirPort(R) Extreme base station for an access point, "
"shared-key authentication together with a WEP key needs to be configured.  "
"This can be configured in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# or by using man:"
"wpa_supplicant[8].  For a single AirPort(R) base station, access can be "
"configured with:"
msgstr ""
"Si se usa una estación base Apple(R) AirPort(R) Extreme como punto de "
"acceso, se necesita configurar una clave WEP junto con autenticación de "
"clave compartida. Esto se puede configurar en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# o "
"usando man:wpa_supplicant[8]. Para una única estación base AirPort(R), se "
"puede configurar el acceso con:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:629
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"authmode shared wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 01234567 DHCP\"\n"
msgstr ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"authmode shared wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 01234567 DHCP\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:634
msgid ""
"In general, shared key authentication should be avoided because it uses the "
"WEP key material in a highly-constrained manner, making it even easier to "
"crack the key.  If WEP must be used for compatibility with legacy devices, "
"it is better to use WEP with `open` authentication.  More information "
"regarding WEP can be found in <<network-wireless-wep>>."
msgstr ""
"En general, se debería evitar utilizar la autenticación de clave compartida "
"porque utiliza la clave WEP de forma muy restringida, haciéndola incluso más "
"fácil de romper. Si se tiene que usar WEP por compatibilidad con "
"dispositivos heredados, es mejor usar WEP con autenticación `open`. Se puede "
"encontrar más información acerca de WEP en <<network-wireless-wep>>."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:637
msgid "====== Getting an IP Address with DHCP"
msgstr "====== Obteniendo una Dirección IP con DHCP"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:641
msgid ""
"Once an access point is selected and the authentication parameters are set, "
"an IP address must be obtained in order to communicate.  Most of the time, "
"the IP address is obtained via DHCP.  To achieve that, edit [.filename]#/etc/"
"rc.conf# and add `DHCP` to the configuration for the device:"
msgstr ""
"Una vez que se ha seleccionado un punto de acceso y se han configurado los "
"parámetros de autenticación, se necesita obtener una dirección IP para poder "
"comunicarse. La mayoría de las veces la dirección IP se obtiene mediante "
"DHCP. Para conseguirlo, edita [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# y añade `DHCP` a la "
"configuración del dispositivo:"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:649
msgid "The wireless interface is now ready to bring up:"
msgstr "Ahora el interfaz inalámbrico está listo para ser levantado:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:653
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service netif start\n"
msgstr "# service netif start\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:656
msgid ""
"Once the interface is running, use man:ifconfig[8] to see the status of the "
"interface [.filename]#ath0#:"
msgstr ""
"Una vez que el interfaz se está ejecutando, utiliza man:ifconfig[8] para ver "
"el estado del interfaz [.filename]#ath0#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:669
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"        ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"        inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255\n"
"        media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/54Mbps mode 11g\n"
"        status: associated\n"
"        ssid dlinkap channel 11 (2462 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:13:46:49:41:76\n"
"        country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 21.5 bmiss 7\n"
"        scanvalid 60 bgscan bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7\n"
"        roam:rate 5 protmode CTS wme burst\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"        ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"        inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255\n"
"        media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/54Mbps mode 11g\n"
"        status: associated\n"
"        ssid dlinkap channel 11 (2462 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:13:46:49:41:76\n"
"        country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 21.5 bmiss 7\n"
"        scanvalid 60 bgscan bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7\n"
"        roam:rate 5 protmode CTS wme burst\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:673
msgid ""
"The `status: associated` line means that it is connected to the wireless "
"network.  The `bssid 00:13:46:49:41:76` is the MAC address of the access "
"point and `authmode OPEN` indicates that the communication is not encrypted."
msgstr ""
"La línea `status:associated` significa que está conectado a la red "
"inalámbrica. `bssid 00:13:46:49:41:76` es la dirección MAC del punto de "
"acceso y `authmode OPEN` indica que la comunicación no está encriptada."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:675
msgid "====== Static IP Address"
msgstr "====== Dirección IP Estática"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:679
msgid ""
"If an IP address cannot be obtained from a DHCP server, set a fixed IP "
"address.  Replace the `DHCP` keyword shown above with the address "
"information.  Be sure to retain any other parameters for selecting the "
"access point:"
msgstr ""
"Si no se puede obtener una dirección IP de un servidor DHCP, establece una "
"dirección IP fija. Reemplaza la palabra clave `DHCP` mostrada arriba con la "
"información de la dirección. Asegúrate de mantener cualquier otro parámetro "
"para seleccionar el punto de acceso:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:684
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid your_ssid_here\"\n"
msgstr ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid your_ssid_here\"\n"

#. type: Title =====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:687
#, no-wrap
msgid "WPA"
msgstr "WPA"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:697
msgid ""
"Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a security protocol used together with "
"802.11 networks to address the lack of proper authentication and the "
"weakness of WEP.  WPA leverages the 802.1X authentication protocol and uses "
"one of several ciphers instead of WEP for data integrity.  The only cipher "
"required by WPA is the Temporary Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP).  TKIP is a "
"cipher that extends the basic RC4 cipher used by WEP by adding integrity "
"checking, tamper detection, and measures for responding to detected "
"intrusions.  TKIP is designed to work on legacy hardware with only software "
"modification.  It represents a compromise that improves security but is "
"still not entirely immune to attack.  WPA also specifies the AES-CCMP cipher "
"as an alternative to TKIP, and that is preferred when possible.  For this "
"specification, the term WPA2 or RSN is commonly used."
msgstr ""
"Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) es un protocolo de seguridad utilizado junto a "
"redes 802.11 para atajar la falta de autenticación adecuada y las "
"debilidades de WEP. WPA utiliza el protocolo de autenticación 802.1X y usa "
"uno o varios encriptadores en lugar de WEP para favorecer la integridad de "
"los datos. El único encriptador requerido por WPA es el Temporary Key "
"Integrity Protocol (TKIP). TKIP es un encriptador que extiende el "
"encriptador básico RC4 usado por WEP y le añade comprobación de integridad, "
"detección de modificaciones, y medidas para responder a las intrusiones "
"detectadas. TKIP está diseñado para funcionar en hardware heredado sólo con "
"modificaciones software. Representa un compromiso que mejora la seguridad "
"pero que todavía no es inmune a ataques. WPA también especifica en "
"encriptador AES-CCMP como alternativa TKIP, y es el preferido si es posible. "
"Para esta especificación, los términos WPA2 o RSN se usan comúnmente."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:702
msgid ""
"WPA defines authentication and encryption protocols.  Authentication is most "
"commonly done using one of two techniques: by 802.1X and a backend "
"authentication service such as RADIUS, or by a minimal handshake between the "
"station and the access point using a pre-shared secret.  The former is "
"commonly termed WPA Enterprise and the latter is known as WPA Personal.  "
"Since most people will not set up a RADIUS backend server for their wireless "
"network, WPA-PSK is by far the most commonly encountered configuration for "
"WPA."
msgstr ""
"WPA define protocolos de encriptación y autenticación. La autenticación se "
"hace habitualmente utilizando alguna de estas dos técnicas: usando 802.1X y "
"un servicio de autenticación backend como RADIUS, o mediante una negociación "
"mínima entre la estación y el punto de acceso utilizando un secreto "
"previamente compartido. El primero se suele denominar WPA Enterprise y el "
"segundo se conoce como WPA Personal. Como la mayoría de la gente no "
"configurará un servidor RADIUS como backend para su red inalámbrica, WPA-PSK "
"es de lejos la configuración más habitual para WPA."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:706
msgid ""
"The control of the wireless connection and the key negotiation or "
"authentication with a server is done using man:wpa_supplicant[8].  This "
"program requires a configuration file, [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant."
"conf#, to run.  More information regarding this file can be found in man:"
"wpa_supplicant.conf[5]."
msgstr ""
"El control de la conexión wireless y la negociación de la clave o la "
"autenticación con un servidor se realiza utilizando man:wpa_supplicant[8]. "
"Este programa requiere un fichero de configuración, [.filename]#/etc/"
"wpa_supplicant.conf#, para ejecutarse. Se puede encontrar más información "
"acerca de este fichero en man:wpa_supplicant.conf[5]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:709
msgid "====== WPA-PSK"
msgstr "====== WPA-PSK"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:713
msgid ""
"WPA-PSK, also known as WPA Personal, is based on a pre-shared key (PSK) "
"which is generated from a given password and used as the master key in the "
"wireless network.  This means every wireless user will share the same key.  "
"WPA-PSK is intended for small networks where the use of an authentication "
"server is not possible or desired."
msgstr ""
"WPA-PSK, también conocido como WPA Personal, se basa en una clave "
"previamente compartida (PSK) que se genera a partir de una contraseña dada y "
"se usa como clave maestra en la red inalámbrica. Esto significa que cada "
"usuario inalámbrico compartirá la misma clave. WPA-PSK está pensado para "
"redes pequeñas donde el uso de un servidor de autenticación no es posible o "
"deseable."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:717
msgid ""
"Always use strong passwords that are sufficiently long and made from a rich "
"alphabet so that they will not be easily guessed or attacked."
msgstr ""
"Utiliza siempre contraseñas fuertes que sean suficientemente largas y "
"creadas a partir de un alfabeto rico y que no sean fáciles de adivinar o "
"atacar."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:720
msgid ""
"The first step is the configuration of [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf# "
"with the SSID and the pre-shared key of the network:"
msgstr ""
"El primer paso es la configuración de [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf# "
"con el SSID y la clave compartida de la red:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:727
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"network={\n"
"  ssid=\"freebsdap\"\n"
"  psk=\"freebsdmall\"\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"network={\n"
"  ssid=\"freebsdap\"\n"
"  psk=\"freebsdmall\"\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:730
msgid ""
"Then, in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#, indicate that the wireless device "
"configuration will be done with WPA and the IP address will be obtained with "
"DHCP:"
msgstr ""
"Luego, en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#, indica que la configuración del "
"dispositivo inalámbrico se realizará con WPA y que la dirección IP se "
"obtendrá con DHCP:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:735
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:872
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:934
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1005
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"WPA DHCP\"\n"
msgstr ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"WPA DHCP\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:738
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1008
msgid "Then, bring up the interface:"
msgstr "Después, levanta la interfaz:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:759
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# service netif start\n"
"Starting wpa_supplicant.\n"
"DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 5\n"
"DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6\n"
"DHCPOFFER from 192.168.0.1\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67\n"
"DHCPACK from 192.168.0.1\n"
"bound to 192.168.0.254 -- renewal in 300 seconds.\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"      ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"      inet 192.168.0.254 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"      media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/36Mbps mode 11g\n"
"      status: associated\n"
"      ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"      country US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON deftxkey UNDEF\n"
"      AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 21.5 bmiss 7 scanvalid 450 bgscan\n"
"      bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7 roam:rate 5 protmode CTS\n"
"      wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"
msgstr ""
"# service netif start\n"
"Starting wpa_supplicant.\n"
"DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 5\n"
"DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6\n"
"DHCPOFFER from 192.168.0.1\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67\n"
"DHCPACK from 192.168.0.1\n"
"bound to 192.168.0.254 -- renewal in 300 seconds.\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"      ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"      inet 192.168.0.254 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"      media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/36Mbps mode 11g\n"
"      status: associated\n"
"      ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"      country US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON deftxkey UNDEF\n"
"      AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 21.5 bmiss 7 scanvalid 450 bgscan\n"
"      bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7 roam:rate 5 protmode CTS\n"
"      wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:762
msgid ""
"Or, try to configure the interface manually using the information in [."
"filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"O, intenta configurar manualmente la interfaz utilizando la información que "
"hay en [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:770
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf\n"
"Trying to associate with 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac (SSID='freebsdap' freq=2412 MHz)\n"
"Associated with 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"WPA: Key negotiation completed with 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac [PTK=CCMP GTK=CCMP]\n"
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac completed (auth) [id=0 id_str=]\n"
msgstr ""
"# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf\n"
"Trying to associate with 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac (SSID='freebsdap' freq=2412 MHz)\n"
"Associated with 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"WPA: Key negotiation completed with 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac [PTK=CCMP GTK=CCMP]\n"
"CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac completed (auth) [id=0 id_str=]\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:773
msgid ""
"The next operation is to launch man:dhclient[8] to get the IP address from "
"the DHCP server:"
msgstr ""
"La siguiente operación es lanzar man:dhcliente[8] para obtener una dirección "
"IP del servidor DHCP:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:791
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# dhclient wlan0\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67\n"
"DHCPACK from 192.168.0.1\n"
"bound to 192.168.0.254 -- renewal in 300 seconds.\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"      ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"      inet 192.168.0.254 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"      media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/36Mbps mode 11g\n"
"      status: associated\n"
"      ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"      country US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON deftxkey UNDEF\n"
"      AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 21.5 bmiss 7 scanvalid 450 bgscan\n"
"      bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7 roam:rate 5 protmode CTS\n"
"      wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"
msgstr ""
"# dhclient wlan0\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67\n"
"DHCPACK from 192.168.0.1\n"
"bound to 192.168.0.254 -- renewal in 300 seconds.\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"      ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"      inet 192.168.0.254 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"      media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/36Mbps mode 11g\n"
"      status: associated\n"
"      ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"      country US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON deftxkey UNDEF\n"
"      AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 21.5 bmiss 7 scanvalid 450 bgscan\n"
"      bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7 roam:rate 5 protmode CTS\n"
"      wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:796
msgid ""
"If [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# has an `ifconfig_wlan0=\"DHCP\"` entry, man:"
"dhclient[8] will be launched automatically after man:wpa_supplicant[8] "
"associates with the access point."
msgstr ""
"Si [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# tiene una entrada `ifconfig_wlan0=\"DHCP\"`, "
"man:dhcliente[8] se arrancará automáticamente después de que man:"
"wpa_supplicant[8] se asocie al punto de acceso."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:799
msgid ""
"If DHCP is not possible or desired, set a static IP address after man:"
"wpa_supplicant[8] has authenticated the station:"
msgstr ""
"Si no es posible o deseable utilizar DHCP, establece una dirección IP "
"estática después de que man:wpa_supplicant[8] haya autenticado la estación:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:814
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"      ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"      inet 192.168.0.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"      media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/36Mbps mode 11g\n"
"      status: associated\n"
"      ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"      country US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON deftxkey UNDEF\n"
"      AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 21.5 bmiss 7 scanvalid 450 bgscan\n"
"      bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7 roam:rate 5 protmode CTS\n"
"      wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"      ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"      inet 192.168.0.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"      media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/36Mbps mode 11g\n"
"      status: associated\n"
"      ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"      country US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON deftxkey UNDEF\n"
"      AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 21.5 bmiss 7 scanvalid 450 bgscan\n"
"      bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7 roam:rate 5 protmode CTS\n"
"      wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:817
msgid ""
"When DHCP is not used, the default gateway and the nameserver also have to "
"be manually set:"
msgstr ""
"Cuando no se usa DHCP, el gateway por defecto y el servidor de nombres se "
"tienen que establecer manualmente:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:822
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# route add default your_default_router\n"
"# echo \"nameserver your_DNS_server\" >> /etc/resolv.conf\n"
msgstr ""
"# route add default your_default_router\n"
"# echo \"nameserver your_DNS_server\" >> /etc/resolv.conf\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:826
msgid "====== WPA with EAP-TLS"
msgstr "====== WPA con EAP-TLS"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:830
msgid ""
"The second way to use WPA is with an 802.1X backend authentication server.  "
"In this case, WPA is called WPA Enterprise to differentiate it from the less "
"secure WPA Personal.  Authentication in WPA Enterprise is based on the "
"Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)."
msgstr ""
"La segunda forma de utilizar WPA es con un servidor de autenticación 802.1X. "
"En este caso, WPA se llama WPA Enterprise para diferenciarlo del WPA "
"Personal menos seguro. La autenticación en WPA Enterprise se basa en el "
"Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:834
msgid ""
"EAP does not come with an encryption method.  Instead, EAP is embedded "
"inside an encrypted tunnel.  There are many EAP authentication methods, but "
"EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, and EAP-PEAP are the most common."
msgstr ""
"EAP no viene con un método de encriptación. En su lugar, EAP se introduce "
"dentro de un túnel encriptado. Hay muchos métodos de autenticación EAP, pero "
"EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, y EAP-PEAP son los más comunes."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:838
msgid ""
"EAP with Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS) is a well-supported wireless "
"authentication protocol since it was the first EAP method to be certified by "
"the http://www.wi-fi.org/[Wi-Fi Alliance].  EAP-TLS requires three "
"certificates to run: the certificate of the Certificate Authority (CA) "
"installed on all machines, the server certificate for the authentication "
"server, and one client certificate for each wireless client.  In this EAP "
"method, both the authentication server and wireless client authenticate each "
"other by presenting their respective certificates, and then verify that "
"these certificates were signed by the organization's CA."
msgstr ""
"EAP con Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS) es un protocolo de autenticación "
"inalámbrica bien soportado ya que fue el primer método EAP certificado por "
"la http://www.wi-fi.org/[Wi-Fi Alliance].  EAP-TLS requiere tres "
"certificados para funcionar: el certificado de Certificate Authority (CA) "
"instalado en todas las máquinas, el certificado de servidor para el servidor "
"de autenticación, y un cliente de certificado para cliente inalámbrico. En "
"este método EAP, tanto el servidor de autenticación como el cliente "
"inalámbrico se autentican entre sí presentando sus respectivos certificados, "
"y luego verificando que estos certificados están firmados por la CA de la "
"organización."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:840
msgid ""
"As previously, the configuration is done via [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant."
"conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Como antes, la configuración se hace mediante [.filename]#/etc/"
"wpa_supplicant.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:854
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"network={\n"
"  ssid=\"freebsdap\" <.>\n"
"  proto=RSN  <.>\n"
"  key_mgmt=WPA-EAP <.>\n"
"  eap=TLS <.>\n"
"  identity=\"loader\" <.>\n"
"  ca_cert=\"/etc/certs/cacert.pem\" <.>\n"
"  client_cert=\"/etc/certs/clientcert.pem\" <.>\n"
"  private_key=\"/etc/certs/clientkey.pem\" <.>\n"
"  private_key_passwd=\"freebsdmallclient\" <.>\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"network={\n"
"  ssid=\"freebsdap\" <.>\n"
"  proto=RSN  <.>\n"
"  key_mgmt=WPA-EAP <.>\n"
"  eap=TLS <.>\n"
"  identity=\"loader\" <.>\n"
"  ca_cert=\"/etc/certs/cacert.pem\" <.>\n"
"  client_cert=\"/etc/certs/clientcert.pem\" <.>\n"
"  private_key=\"/etc/certs/clientkey.pem\" <.>\n"
"  private_key_passwd=\"freebsdmallclient\" <.>\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:857
msgid "This field indicates the network name (SSID)."
msgstr "Este campo indica el nombre de la red (SSID)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:858
msgid "This example uses the RSN IEEE(R) 802.11i protocol, also known as WPA2."
msgstr ""
"Este ejemplo utiliza el protocolo RSN IEEE(R) 802.11i también conocido como "
"WPA2."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:859
msgid ""
"The `key_mgmt` line refers to the key management protocol to use. In this "
"example, it is WPA using EAP authentication."
msgstr ""
"La línea `key_mgmt` hace referencia al protocolo de gestión de claves que se "
"utiliza. En este ejemplo, es WPA con autenticación EAP."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:860
msgid "This field indicates the EAP method for the connection."
msgstr "Este campo indica el método EAP para la conexión."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:861
msgid "The `identity` field contains the identity string for EAP."
msgstr "El campo `identity` contiene la cadena de identidad para EAP."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:862
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:926
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:996
msgid ""
"The `ca_cert` field indicates the pathname of the CA certificate file. This "
"file is needed to verify the server certificate."
msgstr ""
"El campo `ca_cert` indica la ruta al fichero del certificado de CA. Este "
"fichero es necesario para verificar el certificado de servidor."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:863
msgid ""
"The `client_cert` line gives the pathname to the client certificate file. "
"This certificate is unique to each wireless client of the network."
msgstr ""
"La línea `cliente_cert` da la ruta al fichero de certificado del cliente. "
"Este certificado es único para cada cliente inalámbrico de la red."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:864
msgid ""
"The `private_key` field is the pathname to the client certificate private "
"key file."
msgstr ""
"El campo `private_key` es la ruta al fichero de clave privada del "
"certificado del cliente."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:865
msgid ""
"The `private_key_passwd` field contains the passphrase for the private key."
msgstr ""
"El campo `private_key_passwd` contienen la contraseña para la clave privada."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:867
msgid "Then, add the following lines to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr "Después, añade las siguientes líneas a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:875
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:937
msgid "The next step is to bring up the interface:"
msgstr "El siguiente paso es levantar la interfaz:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:894
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# service netif start\n"
"Starting wpa_supplicant.\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15\n"
"DHCPACK from 192.168.0.20\n"
"bound to 192.168.0.254 -- renewal in 300 seconds.\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"      ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"      inet 192.168.0.254 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"      media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet DS/11Mbps mode 11g\n"
"      status: associated\n"
"      ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"      country US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON deftxkey UNDEF\n"
"      AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 21.5 bmiss 7 scanvalid 450 bgscan\n"
"      bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7 roam:rate 5 protmode CTS\n"
"      wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"
msgstr ""
"# service netif start\n"
"Starting wpa_supplicant.\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15\n"
"DHCPACK from 192.168.0.20\n"
"bound to 192.168.0.254 -- renewal in 300 seconds.\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"      ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"      inet 192.168.0.254 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"      media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet DS/11Mbps mode 11g\n"
"      status: associated\n"
"      ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"      country US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON deftxkey UNDEF\n"
"      AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 21.5 bmiss 7 scanvalid 450 bgscan\n"
"      bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7 roam:rate 5 protmode CTS\n"
"      wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:897
msgid ""
"It is also possible to bring up the interface manually using man:"
"wpa_supplicant[8] and man:ifconfig[8]."
msgstr ""
"También es posible levantar la interfaz manualmente utilizando man:"
"wpa_supplicant[8] y man:ifconfig[8]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:900
msgid "====== WPA with EAP-TTLS"
msgstr "====== WPA con EAP-TTLS"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:905
msgid ""
"With EAP-TLS, both the authentication server and the client need a "
"certificate.  With EAP-TTLS, a client certificate is optional.  This method "
"is similar to a web server which creates a secure SSL tunnel even if "
"visitors do not have client-side certificates.  EAP-TTLS uses an encrypted "
"TLS tunnel for safe transport of the authentication data."
msgstr ""
"Con EAP-TLS, tanto la autenticación de servidor como la de cliente necesitan "
"un certificado. Con EAP-TTLS, el certificado de cliente es opcional. Este "
"método es similar a un servidor web que crea un tunel SSL seguro incluso "
"cuando los visitantes no tienen certificados de cliente. EAP-TTLS utiliza un "
"túnel encriptado con TLS para el transporte seguro de los datos de "
"autenticación."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:907
msgid ""
"The required configuration can be added to [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant."
"conf#:"
msgstr ""
"La configuración necesaria se puede añadir a [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant."
"conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:920
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"network={\n"
"  ssid=\"freebsdap\"\n"
"  proto=RSN\n"
"  key_mgmt=WPA-EAP\n"
"  eap=TTLS <.>\n"
"  identity=\"test\" <.>\n"
"  password=\"test\" <.>\n"
"  ca_cert=\"/etc/certs/cacert.pem\" <.>\n"
"  phase2=\"auth=MD5\" <.>\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"network={\n"
"  ssid=\"freebsdap\"\n"
"  proto=RSN\n"
"  key_mgmt=WPA-EAP\n"
"  eap=TTLS <.>\n"
"  identity=\"test\" <.>\n"
"  password=\"test\" <.>\n"
"  ca_cert=\"/etc/certs/cacert.pem\" <.>\n"
"  phase2=\"auth=MD5\" <.>\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:923
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:993
msgid "This field specifies the EAP method for the connection."
msgstr "Este campo especifica el método EAP para la conexión."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:924
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:994
msgid ""
"The `identity` field contains the identity string for EAP authentication "
"inside the encrypted TLS tunnel."
msgstr ""
"El campo `identity` contiene la cadena de identidad para la autenticación "
"EAP dentro del túnel encriptado con TLS."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:925
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:995
msgid ""
"The `password` field contains the passphrase for the EAP authentication."
msgstr "El campo `password` contiene la contraseña para la autenticación EAP."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:927
msgid ""
"This field specifies the authentication method used in the encrypted TLS "
"tunnel. In this example, EAP with MD5-Challenge is used. The \"inner "
"authentication\" phase is often called \"phase2\"."
msgstr ""
"Este campo especifica el método de autenticación usado en el túnel TLS "
"encriptado. En este ejemplo, se utiliza EAP con MD5-Challenge. La fase de "
"\"autenticación interna\" se llama habitualmente \"phase2\"."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:929
msgid "Next, add the following lines to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr "Después, añade las siguientes líneas a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:957
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1028
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# service netif start\n"
"Starting wpa_supplicant.\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 21\n"
"DHCPACK from 192.168.0.20\n"
"bound to 192.168.0.254 -- renewal in 300 seconds.\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"      ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"      inet 192.168.0.254 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"      media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet DS/11Mbps mode 11g\n"
"      status: associated\n"
"      ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"      country US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON deftxkey UNDEF\n"
"      AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 21.5 bmiss 7 scanvalid 450 bgscan\n"
"      bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7 roam:rate 5 protmode CTS\n"
"      wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"
msgstr ""
"# service netif start\n"
"Starting wpa_supplicant.\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 15\n"
"DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 21\n"
"DHCPACK from 192.168.0.20\n"
"bound to 192.168.0.254 -- renewal in 300 seconds.\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"      ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"      inet 192.168.0.254 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"      media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet DS/11Mbps mode 11g\n"
"      status: associated\n"
"      ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"      country US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON deftxkey UNDEF\n"
"      AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 21.5 bmiss 7 scanvalid 450 bgscan\n"
"      bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7 roam:rate 5 protmode CTS\n"
"      wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:961
msgid "====== WPA with EAP-PEAP"
msgstr "====== WPA con EAP-PEAP"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:966
msgid ""
"PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 is the most common PEAP method.  In this chapter, the "
"term PEAP is used to refer to that method."
msgstr ""
"PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 es el método PEAP más común. En este capítulo, el "
"término PEAP se usa para referirnos a ese método."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:970
msgid ""
"Protected EAP (PEAP) is designed as an alternative to EAP-TTLS and is the "
"most used EAP standard after EAP-TLS.  In a network with mixed operating "
"systems, PEAP should be the most supported standard after EAP-TLS."
msgstr ""
"Protected EAP (PEAP) se diseñó como una alternativa a EAP-TTLS y es el "
"segundo estándar EAP más usado por detrás de EAP-TLS. En una red con "
"sistemas operativos variados, PEAP debería ser el estándar más soportado por "
"detrás de EAP-TLS."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:974
msgid ""
"PEAP is similar to EAP-TTLS as it uses a server-side certificate to "
"authenticate clients by creating an encrypted TLS tunnel between the client "
"and the authentication server, which protects the ensuing exchange of "
"authentication information.  PEAP authentication differs from EAP-TTLS as it "
"broadcasts the username in the clear and only the password is sent in the "
"encrypted TLS tunnel.  EAP-TTLS will use the TLS tunnel for both the "
"username and password."
msgstr ""
"PEAP es similar a EAP-TTLS ya que utiliza un certificado de servidor para "
"autenticar clientes mediante la creación de un túnel TLS encriptado entre el "
"cliente y el servidor de autenticación, el cual protege el subsiguiente "
"intercambio de información de autenticación. La autenticación PEAP es "
"diferente de EAP-TTLS ya que emite el usuario sin encriptar y sólo la "
"contraseña se envía por el túnel TLS encriptado. EAP-TTLS utilizará el túnel "
"TLS tanto para el nombre de usuario como para la contraseña."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:976
msgid ""
"Add the following lines to [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf# to "
"configure the EAP-PEAP related settings:"
msgstr ""
"Añade las siguientes líneas a [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf# para "
"configurar los parámetros relacionados con EAP-PEAP:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:990
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"network={\n"
"  ssid=\"freebsdap\"\n"
"  proto=RSN\n"
"  key_mgmt=WPA-EAP\n"
"  eap=PEAP <.>\n"
"  identity=\"test\" <.>\n"
"  password=\"test\" <.>\n"
"  ca_cert=\"/etc/certs/cacert.pem\" <.>\n"
"  phase1=\"peaplabel=0\" <.>\n"
"  phase2=\"auth=MSCHAPV2\" <.>\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"network={\n"
"  ssid=\"freebsdap\"\n"
"  proto=RSN\n"
"  key_mgmt=WPA-EAP\n"
"  eap=PEAP <.>\n"
"  identity=\"test\" <.>\n"
"  password=\"test\" <.>\n"
"  ca_cert=\"/etc/certs/cacert.pem\" <.>\n"
"  phase1=\"peaplabel=0\" <.>\n"
"  phase2=\"auth=MSCHAPV2\" <.>\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:997
msgid ""
"This field contains the parameters for the first phase of authentication, "
"the TLS tunnel. According to the authentication server used, specify a "
"specific label for authentication. Most of the time, the label will be "
"\"client EAP encryption\" which is set by using `peaplabel=0`. More "
"information can be found in man:wpa_supplicant.conf[5]."
msgstr ""
"Este campo contiene los parámetros para la primera fase de autenticación, el "
"túnel TLS. Según el servidor de autenticación utilizado, especifica una "
"etiqueta concreta para la autenticación. La mayoría de las veces la etiqueta "
"será \"cliente EAP encryption\" que se establece usando `peaplabel=0`. Se "
"puede encontrar más información en man:wpa_supplicant.confg[5]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:998
msgid ""
"This field specifies the authentication protocol used in the encrypted TLS "
"tunnel. In the case of PEAP, it is `auth=MSCHAPV2`."
msgstr ""
"Este campo especifica el protocolo de autenticación utilizado en el túnel "
"encriptado con TLS. En el caso de PEAP, es `auth=MSCHAPV2`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1000
msgid "Add the following to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr "Añade lo siguiente a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: Title =====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1031
#, no-wrap
msgid "WEP"
msgstr "WEP"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1035
msgid ""
"Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is part of the original 802.11 standard.  "
"There is no authentication mechanism, only a weak form of access control "
"which is easily cracked."
msgstr ""
"Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) es parte del estándar 802.11 original. No hay "
"mecanismo de autenticación, sólo una débil forma de control de acceso que se "
"rompe fácilmente."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1037
msgid "WEP can be set up using man:ifconfig[8]:"
msgstr "Se puede configurar WEP usando man:ifconfig[8]:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1043
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 \\\n"
"\t    ssid my_net wepmode on weptxkey 3 wepkey 3:0x3456789012\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 \\\n"
"\t    ssid my_net wepmode on weptxkey 3 wepkey 3:0x3456789012\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1046
msgid ""
"The `weptxkey` specifies which WEP key will be used in the transmission. "
"This example uses the third key. This must match the setting on the access "
"point. When unsure which key is used by the access point, try `1` (the first "
"key) for this value."
msgstr ""
"`weptxkey` especifica qué clave WEP se usará en la transmisión. Este ejemplo "
"utiliza la tercera clave. Esto debe concordar con la configuración del punto "
"de acceso. Cuando no estés seguro de qué clave utiliza el punto de acceso, "
"utiliza `1` (la primera clave) para este valor."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1047
msgid ""
"The `wepkey` selects one of the WEP keys. It should be in the format _index:"
"key_. Key `1` is used by default; the index only needs to be set when using "
"a key other than the first key."
msgstr ""
"`wepkey` selecciona una de las claves WEP. Debería seguir el formato _index:"
"key_. La clave `1` se utiliza por defecto; sólo se necesita especificar el "
"índice cuando se usa otra clave que no sea la primera."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1051
msgid ""
"Replace the `0x3456789012` with the key configured for use on the access "
"point."
msgstr ""
"Remplaza `0x3456789012` con la clave configurada para ser usada en el punto "
"de acceso."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1054
msgid "Refer to man:ifconfig[8] for further information."
msgstr "Consulta man:ifconfig[8] para más información."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1057
msgid ""
"The man:wpa_supplicant[8] facility can be used to configure a wireless "
"interface with WEP.  The example above can be set up by adding the following "
"lines to [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"La utilidad man:wpa_suppliccant[8] se puede usar para configurar una "
"interfaz inalámbrica con WEP. El ejemplo de arriba se puede modificar "
"añadiendo las siguientes líneas a [.filename]#/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1066
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"network={\n"
"  ssid=\"my_net\"\n"
"  key_mgmt=NONE\n"
"  wep_key3=3456789012\n"
"  wep_tx_keyidx=3\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"network={\n"
"  ssid=\"my_net\"\n"
"  key_mgmt=NONE\n"
"  wep_key3=3456789012\n"
"  wep_tx_keyidx=3\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1069
msgid "Then:"
msgstr "Después:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1075
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf\n"
"Trying to associate with 00:13:46:49:41:76 (SSID='dlinkap' freq=2437 MHz)\n"
"Associated with 00:13:46:49:41:76\n"
msgstr ""
"# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf\n"
"Trying to associate with 00:13:46:49:41:76 (SSID='dlinkap' freq=2437 MHz)\n"
"Associated with 00:13:46:49:41:76\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1077
#, no-wrap
msgid "Ad-hoc Mode"
msgstr "Modo Ad-hoc"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1081
msgid ""
"IBSS mode, also called ad-hoc mode, is designed for point to point "
"connections.  For example, to establish an ad-hoc network between the "
"machines `A` and `B`, choose two IP addresses and a SSID."
msgstr ""
"El modo IBSS, también llamado modo ad-hoc, está diseñado para comunicaciones "
"punto a punto. Por ejemplo, para establecer una red ad-hoc entre las "
"máquinas `A` y `B`, escoge dos direcciones IP y un SSID."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1083
msgid "On `A`:"
msgstr "En `A`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1097
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"  wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\t  ether 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"\t  media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g <adhoc>\n"
"\t  status: running\n"
"\t  ssid freebsdap channel 2 (2417 Mhz 11g) bssid 02:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 21.5 scanvalid 60\n"
"\t  protmode CTS wme burst\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"  wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\t  ether 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"\t  media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g <adhoc>\n"
"\t  status: running\n"
"\t  ssid freebsdap channel 2 (2417 Mhz 11g) bssid 02:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 21.5 scanvalid 60\n"
"\t  protmode CTS wme burst\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1100
msgid ""
"The `adhoc` parameter indicates that the interface is running in IBSS mode."
msgstr ""
"El parámetro `ad-hoc` indica que el interfaz está funcionando en modo IBSS."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1102
msgid "`B` should now be able to detect `A`:"
msgstr "Ahora `B` debería ser capaz de detecta a `A`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1109
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 up scan\n"
"  SSID/MESH ID    BSSID              CHAN RATE   S:N     INT CAPS\n"
"  freebsdap       02:11:95:c3:0d:ac    2   54M -64:-96  100 IS   WME\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 up scan\n"
"  SSID/MESH ID    BSSID              CHAN RATE   S:N     INT CAPS\n"
"  freebsdap       02:11:95:c3:0d:ac    2   54M -64:-96  100 IS   WME\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1113
msgid ""
"The `I` in the output confirms that `A` is in ad-hoc mode.  Now, configure "
"`B` with a different IP address:"
msgstr ""
"La `I` en la salida confirma que `A` está en modo ad-hoc. Ahora, configura "
"`B` con una dirección IP diferente:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1126
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"  wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\t  ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"\t  inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"\t  media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g <adhoc>\n"
"\t  status: running\n"
"\t  ssid freebsdap channel 2 (2417 Mhz 11g) bssid 02:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 21.5 scanvalid 60\n"
"\t  protmode CTS wme burst\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"  wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\t  ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"\t  inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"\t  media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g <adhoc>\n"
"\t  status: running\n"
"\t  ssid freebsdap channel 2 (2417 Mhz 11g) bssid 02:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 21.5 scanvalid 60\n"
"\t  protmode CTS wme burst\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1129
msgid "Both `A` and `B` are now ready to exchange information."
msgstr "Ahora `A` y `B` están listas para intercambiar información."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1131
#, no-wrap
msgid "FreeBSD Host Access Points"
msgstr "Puntos de Acceso Host FreeBSD"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1135
msgid ""
"FreeBSD can act as an Access Point (AP) which eliminates the need to buy a "
"hardware AP or run an ad-hoc network.  This can be particularly useful when "
"a FreeBSD machine is acting as a gateway to another network such as the "
"Internet."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD puede actuar como un Punto de Acceso (AP) lo que elimina la "
"necesidad de comparar un hardware AP o montar una red ad-hoc. Esto puede ser "
"particularmente útil cuando una máquina FreeBSD está actuando como gateway a "
"otra red como Internet."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1141
msgid ""
"Before configuring a FreeBSD machine as an AP, the kernel must be configured "
"with the appropriate networking support for the wireless card as well as the "
"security protocols being used.  For more details, see <<network-wireless-"
"basic>>."
msgstr ""
"Antes de configurar una máquina FreeBSD como un AP, el kernel se tiene que "
"configurar con el soporte de red apropiado para la tarjeta inalámbrica así "
"como con los protocolos de seguridad que se utilizarán. Para más detalles, "
"consulta <<network-wireless-basic>>."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1146
msgid ""
"The NDIS driver wrapper for Windows(R) drivers does not currently support AP "
"operation.  Only native FreeBSD wireless drivers support AP mode."
msgstr ""
"El adaptador de controladores NDIS para controladores de Windows(R) "
"actualmente no soporta operar en modo AP. Sólo los controladores "
"inalámbricos nativos de FreeBSD soportan modo AP."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1149
msgid ""
"Once wireless networking support is loaded, check if the wireless device "
"supports the host-based access point mode, also known as hostap mode:"
msgstr ""
"Una vez que se ha cargado el soporte para redes inalámbricas, comprueba si "
"el dispositivo inalámbrico soporta el modo de punto de acceso basado en "
"host, también conocido como modo hostap:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1156
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 list caps\n"
"drivercaps=6f85edc1<STA,FF,TURBOP,IBSS,HOSTAP,AHDEMO,TXPMGT,SHSLOT,SHPREAMBLE,MONITOR,MBSS,WPA1,WPA2,BURST,WME,WDS,BGSCAN,TXFRAG>\n"
"cryptocaps=1f<WEP,TKIP,AES,AES_CCM,TKIPMIC>\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 list caps\n"
"drivercaps=6f85edc1<STA,FF,TURBOP,IBSS,HOSTAP,AHDEMO,TXPMGT,SHSLOT,SHPREAMBLE,MONITOR,MBSS,WPA1,WPA2,BURST,WME,WDS,BGSCAN,TXFRAG>\n"
"cryptocaps=1f<WEP,TKIP,AES,AES_CCM,TKIPMIC>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1162
msgid ""
"This output displays the card's capabilities.  The `HOSTAP` word confirms "
"that this wireless card can act as an AP.  Various supported ciphers are "
"also listed: WEP, TKIP, and AES.  This information indicates which security "
"protocols can be used on the AP."
msgstr ""
"Esta salida muestra las capacidades de la tarjeta. La palabra `HOSTAP` "
"confirma que la tarjeta inalámbrica puede actuar como un AP. También se "
"listan varios encriptadores soportados: WEP, TKIP, y AES. Esta información "
"indica qué protocolos de seguridad se pueden utilizar con el AP."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1164
msgid ""
"The wireless device can only be put into hostap mode during the creation of "
"the network pseudo-device, so a previously created device must be destroyed "
"first:"
msgstr ""
"El dispositivo inalámbrico sólo puede ser puesto en modo hostap durante la "
"creación del pseudo-dispositivo de red, de forma que si hay una dispositivo "
"creado anteriormente se tiene que destruir primero:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1168
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 destroy\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig wlan0 destroy\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1171
msgid ""
"then regenerated with the correct option before setting the other parameters:"
msgstr ""
"después regenerado con la opción correcta antes de establecer otros "
"parámetros:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1176
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap mode 11g channel 1\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap mode 11g channel 1\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1179
msgid ""
"Use man:ifconfig[8] again to see the status of the [.filename]#wlan0# "
"interface:"
msgstr ""
"Usa man:ifconfig[8] de nuevo para ver el estado de la interfaz [."
"filename]#wlan0#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1191
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"  wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\t  ether 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"\t  media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g <hostap>\n"
"\t  status: running\n"
"\t  ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 21.5 scanvalid 60\n"
"\t  protmode CTS wme burst dtimperiod 1 -dfs\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"  wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\t  ether 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"\t  media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g <hostap>\n"
"\t  status: running\n"
"\t  ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 21.5 scanvalid 60\n"
"\t  protmode CTS wme burst dtimperiod 1 -dfs\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1194
msgid ""
"The `hostap` parameter indicates the interface is running in the host-based "
"access point mode."
msgstr ""
"El parámetro `hostap` indica que el interfaz está funcionando en modo punto "
"de acceso basado en host."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1196
msgid ""
"The interface configuration can be done automatically at boot time by adding "
"the following lines to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"La configuración del interfaz se puede hacer de forma automática al arrancar "
"añadiendo las siguientes líneas a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1202
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"create_args_wlan0=\"wlanmode hostap\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap mode 11g channel 1\"\n"
msgstr ""
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"create_args_wlan0=\"wlanmode hostap\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap mode 11g channel 1\"\n"

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1204
#, no-wrap
msgid "Host-based Access Point Without Authentication or Encryption"
msgstr "Punto de Acceso basado en Host Sin Autenticación o Encriptación"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1208
msgid ""
"Although it is not recommended to run an AP without any authentication or "
"encryption, this is a simple way to check if the AP is working.  This "
"configuration is also important for debugging client issues."
msgstr ""
"Aunque no se recomienda ejecutar un AP sin ninguna autenticación o "
"encriptación, es una forma simple de comprobar que el AP funciona. Esta "
"configuración también es importante para depurar problemas en el cliente."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1210
msgid ""
"Once the AP is configured, initiate a scan from another wireless machine to "
"find the AP:"
msgstr ""
"Una vez que el AP está configurado, inicia un escaneo desde otra máquina "
"inalámbrica para encontrar el AP:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1217
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 up scan\n"
"SSID/MESH ID    BSSID              CHAN RATE   S:N     INT CAPS\n"
"freebsdap       00:11:95:c3:0d:ac    1   54M -66:-96  100 ES   WME\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 up scan\n"
"SSID/MESH ID    BSSID              CHAN RATE   S:N     INT CAPS\n"
"freebsdap       00:11:95:c3:0d:ac    1   54M -66:-96  100 ES   WME\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1220
msgid "The client machine found the AP and can be associated with it:"
msgstr "La máquina cliente ha encontrado el AP y se puede asociar con él:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1234
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"  wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\t  ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"\t  inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"\t  media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/54Mbps mode 11g\n"
"\t  status: associated\n"
"\t  ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 21.5 bmiss 7\n"
"\t  scanvalid 60 bgscan bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7\n"
"\t  roam:rate 5 protmode CTS wme burst\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssid freebsdap\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"  wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\t  ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62\n"
"\t  inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"\t  media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/54Mbps mode 11g\n"
"\t  status: associated\n"
"\t  ssid freebsdap channel 1 (2412 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpower 21.5 bmiss 7\n"
"\t  scanvalid 60 bgscan bgscanintvl 300 bgscanidle 250 roam:rssi 7\n"
"\t  roam:rate 5 protmode CTS wme burst\n"

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1237
#, no-wrap
msgid "WPA2 Host-based Access Point"
msgstr "Punto de Acceso WPA2 basado en Host"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1241
msgid ""
"This section focuses on setting up a FreeBSD access point using the WPA2 "
"security protocol.  More details regarding WPA and the configuration of WPA-"
"based wireless clients can be found in <<network-wireless-wpa>>."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección se centra en configurar un punto de acceso FreeBSD usando el "
"protocolo de seguridad WPA2. Se pueden encontrar más detalles acerca de WPA "
"y de la configuración de clientes inalámbricos basados en WPA en <<network-"
"wireless-wpa>>."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1243
msgid ""
"The man:hostapd[8] daemon is used to deal with client authentication and key "
"management on the WPA2-enabled AP."
msgstr ""
"El demonio man:hostapd[8] se usa para manejar la autenticación del cliente y "
"la gestión de la clave en el AP con WPA2 habilitado."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1246
msgid ""
"The following configuration operations are performed on the FreeBSD machine "
"acting as the AP.  Once the AP is correctly working, man:hostapd[8] can be "
"automatically started at boot with this line in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Una máquina FreeBSD configurada como AP realiza las siguientes operaciones "
"de configuración. Una vez que el AP está funcionando correctamente, se puede "
"iniciar man:hostapd[8] durante el arranque con esta línea en [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1250
#, no-wrap
msgid "hostapd_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "hostapd_enable=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1253
msgid ""
"Before trying to configure man:hostapd[8], first configure the basic "
"settings introduced in <<network-wireless-ap-basic>>."
msgstr ""
"Antes de intentar configurar man:hostapd[8], primero configura los "
"parámetros básicos presentados en <<network-wireless-ap-basic>>."

#. type: Title =====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1254
#, no-wrap
msgid "WPA2-PSK"
msgstr "WPA2-PSK"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1257
msgid ""
"WPA2-PSK is intended for small networks where the use of a backend "
"authentication server is not possible or desired."
msgstr ""
"WPA2-PSK está pensado para pequeñas redes donde no se puede o no es deseable "
"utilizar un servidor de autenticación."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1259
msgid "The configuration is done in [.filename]#/etc/hostapd.conf#:"
msgstr "La configuración se hace en [.filename]#/etc/hostapd.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1271
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"interface=wlan0                  <.>\n"
"debug=1                          <.>\n"
"ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd  <.>\n"
"ctrl_interface_group=wheel       <.>\n"
"ssid=freebsdap                   <.>\n"
"wpa=2                            <.>\n"
"wpa_passphrase=freebsdmall       <.>\n"
"wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK             <.>\n"
"wpa_pairwise=CCMP                <.>\n"
msgstr ""
"interface=wlan0                  <.>\n"
"debug=1                          <.>\n"
"ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd  <.>\n"
"ctrl_interface_group=wheel       <.>\n"
"ssid=freebsdap                   <.>\n"
"wpa=2                            <.>\n"
"wpa_passphrase=freebsdmall       <.>\n"
"wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK             <.>\n"
"wpa_pairwise=CCMP                <.>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1274
msgid "Wireless interface used for the access point."
msgstr "Interfaz inalámbrica utilizada para el punto de acceso."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1275
msgid ""
"Level of verbosity used during the execution of man:hostapd[8]. A value of "
"`1` represents the minimal level."
msgstr ""
"Nivel de verbosidad utilizado durante la ejecución de man:hostapd[8]. Un "
"valor de `1` representa el nivel mínimo."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1276
msgid ""
"Pathname of the directory used by man:hostapd[8] to store domain socket "
"files for communication with external programs such as man:hostapd_cli[8]. "
"The default value is used in this example."
msgstr ""
"Ruta del directorio utilizado por man:hostapd[8] para almacenar ficheros de "
"sockets de dominio para comunicación con programas externos como man:"
"hostapd_cli[8]. En este ejemplo se usa el valor por defecto."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1277
msgid "The group allowed to access the control interface files."
msgstr ""
"El grupo que tiene permitido el acceso a los ficheros de control del "
"interfaz."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1278
msgid "The wireless network name, or SSID, that will appear in wireless scans."
msgstr ""
"El nombre de la red inalámbrica, o SSID, que aparecerá en los escaneos "
"inalámbricos."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1279
msgid ""
"Enable WPA and specify which WPA authentication protocol will be required. A "
"value of `2` configures the AP for WPA2 and is recommended. Set to `1` only "
"if the obsolete WPA is required."
msgstr ""
"Activa WPA y especifica qué protocolo de autenticación WPA se requerirá. Un "
"valor de `2` configura el AP para WPA2 y es el recomendado. Establécelo a "
"`1` sólo si se necesita el obsoleto WPA."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1280
msgid "ASCII passphrase for WPA authentication."
msgstr "Contraseña ASCII para la autenticación WPA."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1281
msgid "The key management protocol to use. This example sets WPA-PSK."
msgstr ""
"El protocolo de gestión de claves a usar. Este ejemplo establece WPA-PSK."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1282
msgid ""
"Encryption algorithms accepted by the access point. In this example, only "
"the CCMP (AES) cipher is accepted. CCMP is an alternative to TKIP and is "
"strongly preferred when possible. TKIP should be allowed only when there are "
"stations incapable of using CCMP."
msgstr ""
"Algoritmos de encriptación aceptados por el punto de acceso. En este "
"ejemplo, sólo se acepta el encriptador CCMP (AES). CCMP es una alternativa a "
"TKIP y se prefiere siempre que se a posible. TKIP sólo debería permitirse "
"cuando las estaciones con incapaces de usar CCMP."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1284
msgid "The next step is to start man:hostapd[8]:"
msgstr "El siguiente paso es arrancar man:hostapd[8]:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1288
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service hostapd forcestart\n"
msgstr "# service hostapd forcestart\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1305
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"wlan0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\tether 04:f0:21:16:8e:10\n"
"\tinet6 fe80::6f0:21ff:fe16:8e10%wlan0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x9\n"
"\tnd6 options=21<PERFORMNUD,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>\n"
"\tmedia: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11na <hostap>\n"
"\tstatus: running\n"
"\tssid No5ignal channel 36 (5180 MHz 11a ht/40+) bssid 04:f0:21:16:8e:10\n"
"\tcountry US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy MIXED deftxkey 2\n"
"\tAES-CCM 2:128-bit AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 17 mcastrate 6 mgmtrate 6\n"
"\tscanvalid 60 ampdulimit 64k ampdudensity 8 shortgi wme burst\n"
"\tdtimperiod 1 -dfs\n"
"\tgroups: wlan\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"wlan0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\tether 04:f0:21:16:8e:10\n"
"\tinet6 fe80::6f0:21ff:fe16:8e10%wlan0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x9\n"
"\tnd6 options=21<PERFORMNUD,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>\n"
"\tmedia: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11na <hostap>\n"
"\tstatus: running\n"
"\tssid No5ignal channel 36 (5180 MHz 11a ht/40+) bssid 04:f0:21:16:8e:10\n"
"\tcountry US ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy MIXED deftxkey 2\n"
"\tAES-CCM 2:128-bit AES-CCM 3:128-bit txpower 17 mcastrate 6 mgmtrate 6\n"
"\tscanvalid 60 ampdulimit 64k ampdudensity 8 shortgi wme burst\n"
"\tdtimperiod 1 -dfs\n"
"\tgroups: wlan\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1310
msgid ""
"Once the AP is running, the clients can associate with it.  See <<network-"
"wireless-wpa>> for more details.  It is possible to see the stations "
"associated with the AP using `ifconfig _wlan0_ list sta`."
msgstr ""
"Una vez que el AP está funcionando, los clientes se pueden asociar a él. "
"Consulta <<network-wireless-wpa>> para más detalles. Es posible ver las "
"estaciones asociadas con el AP usando `ifconfig _wlan0_ list sta`."

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1311
#, no-wrap
msgid "WEP Host-based Access Point"
msgstr "Punto de acceso WEP basado en Host"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1315
msgid ""
"It is not recommended to use WEP for setting up an AP since there is no "
"authentication mechanism and the encryption is easily cracked.  Some legacy "
"wireless cards only support WEP and these cards will only support an AP "
"without authentication or encryption."
msgstr ""
"No se recomienda utilizar WEP para configurar un AP ya que no hay mecanismo "
"de autenticación y la encriptación se rompe fácilmente. Algunas tarjetas "
"inalámbricas heredades sólo soportan WEP y estas tarjetas sólo soportarán un "
"AP sin autenticación o encriptación."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1317
msgid ""
"The wireless device can now be put into hostap mode and configured with the "
"correct SSID and IP address:"
msgstr ""
"El dispositivo inalámbrico se pude poner ahora en modo hostap y se puede "
"configurar con la SSID correcta y la dirección IP:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1323
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 \\\n"
"\tssid freebsdap wepmode on weptxkey 3 wepkey 3:0x3456789012 mode 11g\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 \\\n"
"\tssid freebsdap wepmode on weptxkey 3 wepkey 3:0x3456789012 mode 11g\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1326
msgid ""
"The `weptxkey` indicates which WEP key will be used in the transmission. "
"This example uses the third key as key numbering starts with `1`. This "
"parameter must be specified in order to encrypt the data."
msgstr ""
"`weptxkey` indica qué clave WEP se usará en la transmisión. Este ejemplo usa "
"la tercera clave ya que la numeración de las claves empieza por `1`. Este "
"parámetro se debe especificar para encriptar los datos."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1327
msgid ""
"The `wepkey` sets the selected WEP key. It should be in the format _index:"
"key_. If the index is not given, key `1` is set. The index needs to be set "
"when using keys other than the first key."
msgstr ""
"`wepkey` establece la clave WEP seleccionada. Debería estar en el formato "
"_index:key_. Si no se proporciona índice, se establece la clave a `1`. El "
"índice necesita establecerse cuando se usa otra clave que no sea la primera."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1329
msgid ""
"Use man:ifconfig[8] to see the status of the [.filename]#wlan0# interface:"
msgstr ""
"Usa man:ifconfig[8] para ver el estado del interfaz [.filename]#wlan0#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1341
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"  wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\t  ether 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"\t  media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g <hostap>\n"
"\t  status: running\n"
"\t  ssid freebsdap channel 4 (2427 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy ON deftxkey 3 wepkey 3:40-bit\n"
"\t  txpower 21.5 scanvalid 60 protmode CTS wme burst dtimperiod 1 -dfs\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"  wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\t  ether 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255\n"
"\t  media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g <hostap>\n"
"\t  status: running\n"
"\t  ssid freebsdap channel 4 (2427 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac\n"
"\t  country US ecm authmode OPEN privacy ON deftxkey 3 wepkey 3:40-bit\n"
"\t  txpower 21.5 scanvalid 60 protmode CTS wme burst dtimperiod 1 -dfs\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1344
msgid ""
"From another wireless machine, it is now possible to initiate a scan to find "
"the AP:"
msgstr ""
"Desde otra máquina inalámbrica, ahora es posible iniciar un escaneo para "
"encontrar el AP:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1351
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 up scan\n"
"SSID            BSSID              CHAN RATE  S:N   INT CAPS\n"
"freebsdap       00:11:95:c3:0d:ac    1   54M 22:1   100 EPS\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0\n"
"# ifconfig wlan0 up scan\n"
"SSID            BSSID              CHAN RATE  S:N   INT CAPS\n"
"freebsdap       00:11:95:c3:0d:ac    1   54M 22:1   100 EPS\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1355
msgid ""
"In this example, the client machine found the AP and can associate with it "
"using the correct parameters.  See <<network-wireless-wep>> for more details."
msgstr ""
"En este ejemplo, la máquina cliente ha encontrado el AP y se puede asociar a "
"él usando los parámetros correctos. Consulta <<network-wireless-wep>> para "
"más detalles."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1356
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using Both Wired and Wireless Connections"
msgstr "Usando Tanto Redes con Cable como Inalámbricas"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1360
msgid ""
"A wired connection provides better performance and reliability, while a "
"wireless connection provides flexibility and mobility.  Laptop users "
"typically want to roam seamlessly between the two types of connections."
msgstr ""
"Una conexión por cable proporciona mejor rendimiento y fiabilidad, mientras "
"que una conexión inalámbrica proporciona flexibilidad y movilidad. Los "
"usuarios de portátiles típicamente prefieren moverse entre los dos tipos de "
"conexiones sin interrupciones."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1363
msgid ""
"On FreeBSD, it is possible to combine two or even more network interfaces "
"together in a \"failover\" fashion.  This type of configuration uses the "
"most preferred and available connection from a group of network interfaces, "
"and the operating system switches automatically when the link state changes."
msgstr ""
"En FreeBSD, es posible combinar dos o incluso más interfaces de red en una "
"modalidad \"failover\". Este tipo de configuración utiliza la conexión más "
"disponible y preferente de un grupo de interfaces de red, y el sistema "
"operativo cambia automáticamente cuando el estado del enlace cambia."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1365
msgid ""
"Link aggregation and failover is covered in <<network-aggregation>> and an "
"example for using both wired and wireless connections is provided at "
"<<networking-lagg-wired-and-wireless>>."
msgstr ""
"La agregación de enlaces y el failover se cubre en <<network-aggregation>> y "
"en <<networking-lagg-wired-and-wireless>> se proporciona un ejemplo para "
"usar tanto una conexión por cable como una inalámbrica."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1369
msgid ""
"This section describes a number of steps to help troubleshoot common "
"wireless networking problems."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección describe una serie de pasos para ayudar a solucionar problemas "
"comunes de redes inalámbricas."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1371
msgid ""
"If the access point is not listed when scanning, check that the "
"configuration has not limited the wireless device to a limited set of "
"channels."
msgstr ""
"Si el punto de acceso no está en la lista cuando se escanea, comprueba que "
"la configuración no ha limitado el dispositivo inalámbrico a un conjunto "
"limitado de canales."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1372
msgid ""
"If the device cannot associate with an access point, verify that the "
"configuration matches the settings on the access point. This includes the "
"authentication scheme and any security protocols. Simplify the configuration "
"as much as possible. If using a security protocol such as WPA or WEP, "
"configure the access point for open authentication and no security to see if "
"traffic will pass."
msgstr ""
"Si el dispositivo no se puede asociar con el punto de acceso, verifica que "
"la configuración concuerda con los parámetros del punto de acceso. Esto "
"incluye el esquema de autenticación y cualquier protocolo de seguridad. "
"Simplifica la configuración lo más posible. Si se usa un protocolo de "
"seguridad como WAP o WEP, configura el punto de acceso con autenticación "
"abierta y sin seguridad para ver si el tráfico pasa."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1374
msgid ""
"Debugging support is provided by man:wpa_supplicant[8]. Try running this "
"utility manually with `-dd` and look at the system logs."
msgstr ""
"El soporte para depuración lo proporciona man:wpa_supplicant[8]. Intenta "
"ejecutar esta utilidad manualmente con `-dd` y mira los logs del sistema."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1375
msgid ""
"Once the system can associate with the access point, diagnose the network "
"configuration using tools like man:ping[8]."
msgstr ""
"Una vez que el sistema se pueda asociar con el punto de acceso, diagnostica "
"la configuración de la red utilizando herramientas como man:ping[8]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1376
msgid ""
"There are many lower-level debugging tools. Debugging messages can be "
"enabled in the 802.11 protocol support layer using man:wlandebug[8]. For "
"example, to enable console messages related to scanning for access points "
"and the 802.11 protocol handshakes required to arrange communication:"
msgstr ""
"Hay muchas herramientas de depuración de bajo nivel. Los mensajes de "
"depuración se pueden habilitar en la capa de soporte del protocolo 802.11 "
"usando man:wlandebug[8]. Por ejemplo, para activar mensajes de consola "
"relativos al escaneo de puntos de acceso y las negociaciones del protocolo "
"802.11 requeridas para establecer la comunicación:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1381
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# wlandebug -i wlan0 +scan+auth+debug+assoc\n"
"  net.wlan.0.debug: 0 => 0xc80000<assoc,auth,scan>\n"
msgstr ""
"# wlandebug -i wlan0 +scan+auth+debug+assoc\n"
"  net.wlan.0.debug: 0 => 0xc80000<assoc,auth,scan>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1387
msgid ""
"Many useful statistics are maintained by the 802.11 layer and `wlanstats`, "
"found in [.filename]#/usr/src/tools/tools/net80211#, will dump this "
"information.  These statistics should display all errors identified by the "
"802.11 layer.  However, some errors are identified in the device drivers "
"that lie below the 802.11 layer so they may not show up.  To diagnose device-"
"specific problems, refer to the driver documentation."
msgstr ""
"La capa 802.11 mantiene muchas estadísticas útiles y `wlanstats`, que se "
"encuentra en [.filename]#/usr/src/tools/tools/net80211#, mostrará esta "
"información. Estas estadísticas deberían mostrar todos los errores "
"identificados por la capa 802.11. Sin embargo, algunos errores son "
"identificados en los controladores de dispositivo que está por debajo de la "
"capa 802.11 de forma que podrían no verse. Para diagnosticar problemas "
"específicos del dispositivo, consulta la documentación del controlador."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1389
msgid ""
"If the above information does not help to clarify the problem, submit a "
"problem report and include output from the above tools."
msgstr ""
"Si la información de arriba no ayuda a clarificar el problema, envía un "
"informe de error e incluye la salida de las herramientas de arriba."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1391
#, no-wrap
msgid "USB Tethering"
msgstr "Tethering USB"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1395
msgid ""
"Many cellphones provide the option to share their data connection over USB "
"(often called \"tethering\").  This feature uses one of RNDIS, CDC, or a "
"custom Apple(R) iPhone(R)/iPad(R) protocol."
msgstr ""
"Muchos teléfonos móviles proporcionan la opción de compartir su conexión de "
"datos a través de USB (habitualmente llamado \"tethering\"). Esta "
"característica usa uno de los protocolos RNDIS, CDC o el protocolo "
"personalizado Apple(R) iPhone(R)/iPad(R)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1397
msgid "Android(TM) devices generally use the man:urndis[4] driver."
msgstr ""
"Los dispositivos Android(TM) normalmente utilizan el controlador man:"
"urndis[4]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1398
msgid "Apple(R) devices use the man:ipheth[4] driver."
msgstr "Los dispositivos Apple(R) usan el controlador man:ipheth[4]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1399
msgid "Older devices will often use the man:cdce[4] driver."
msgstr ""
"Dispositivos más antiguos usarán habitualmente el controlador man:cdce[4]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1401
msgid "Before attaching a device, load the appropriate driver into the kernel:"
msgstr ""
"Antes de conectar un dispositivo, carga el controlador apropiado en el "
"kernel:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1407
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# kldload if_urndis\n"
"# kldload if_cdce\n"
"# kldload if_ipheth\n"
msgstr ""
"# kldload if_urndis\n"
"# kldload if_cdce\n"
"# kldload if_ipheth\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1411
msgid ""
"Once the device is attached ``ue``_0_ will be available for use like a "
"normal network device.  Be sure that the \"USB tethering\" option is enabled "
"on the device."
msgstr ""
"Una vez que el dispositivo está conectado ``ue``_0_ estará disponible para "
"que lo usemos como un dispositivo de red normal. Asegúrate de que el "
"dispositivo tiene la opción \"USB tethering\" activada."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1413
msgid ""
"To make this change permanent and load the driver as a module at boot time, "
"place the appropriate line of the following in [.filename]#/boot/loader."
"conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Para hacer este cambio permanente y cargar el controlador como un módulo en "
"el arranque, escribe la línea apropiada de las siguientes en [.filename]#/"
"boot/loader.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1419
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"if_urndis_load=\"YES\"\n"
"if_cdce_load=\"YES\"\n"
"if_ipheth_load=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr ""
"if_urndis_load=\"YES\"\n"
"if_cdce_load=\"YES\"\n"
"if_ipheth_load=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1422
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bluetooth"
msgstr "Bluetooth"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1427
msgid ""
"Bluetooth is a wireless technology for creating personal networks operating "
"in the 2.4 GHz unlicensed band, with a range of 10 meters.  Networks are "
"usually formed ad-hoc from portable devices such as cellular phones, "
"handhelds, and laptops.  Unlike Wi-Fi wireless technology, Bluetooth offers "
"higher level service profiles, such as FTP-like file servers, file pushing, "
"voice transport, serial line emulation, and more."
msgstr ""
"Bluetooth es una tecnología inalámbrica para crear redes personales que "
"operen en la banda sin licenciar de 2.4 GHz, con un rago de 10 metros. Las "
"redes se forman normalmente como ad-hoc a partir de dispositivos portátiles "
"como teléfonos móviles, tabletas, y portátiles. A diferencia de la "
"tecnología inalámbrica Wi-Fi, Bluetooth ofrece perfiles de servicio de más "
"alto nivel, como servidores de fichero tipo FTP, envío de ficheros, "
"transporte de voz, emulación de línea serie, y más."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1430
msgid ""
"This section describes the use of a USB Bluetooth dongle on a FreeBSD "
"system.  It then describes the various Bluetooth protocols and utilities."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección describe el uso de un conector USB Bluetooth en un sistema "
"FreeBSD. Después describe varias de las utilidades y protocolos de Bluetooth."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1431
#, no-wrap
msgid "Loading Bluetooth Support"
msgstr "Cargando Soporte Bluetooth"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1438
msgid ""
"The Bluetooth stack in FreeBSD is implemented using the man:netgraph[4] "
"framework.  A broad variety of Bluetooth USB dongles is supported by man:"
"ng_ubt[4].  Broadcom BCM2033 based Bluetooth devices are supported by the "
"man:ubtbcmfw[4] and man:ng_ubt[4] drivers.  The 3Com Bluetooth PC Card "
"3CRWB60-A is supported by the man:ng_bt3c[4] driver.  Serial and UART based "
"Bluetooth devices are supported by man:sio[4], man:ng_h4[4], and man:"
"hcseriald[8]."
msgstr ""
"La pila Bluetooth en FreeBSD está implementada utilizando el framework man:"
"netgraph[4]. Una gran variedad de conectores USB Bluetooth se soporta con "
"man:ng_ubt[4]. Los dispositivos Bluetooth basados en Broadcom BCM2033 se "
"soportan mediante los controladores man:ubtbcmfw[4] y man:ng_ubt[4]. La "
"tarjeta 3Com Bluetooth PC Card 3CRWB60-A está soportada por el controlador "
"man:ng_bt3c[4]. Los dispositivos serie y UART Bluetooth están soportados por "
"man:sio[4], man:ng_h4[4], y man:hcseriald[8]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1441
msgid ""
"Before attaching a device, determine which of the above drivers it uses, "
"then load the driver.  For example, if the device uses the man:ng_ubt[4] "
"driver:"
msgstr ""
"Antes de conectar un dispositivo, determina cuál de los controladores "
"anteriores utiliza, después carga el controlador. Por ejemplo, si el "
"dispositivo utiliza el controlador man:ng_ubt[4]:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1445
#, no-wrap
msgid "# kldload ng_ubt\n"
msgstr "# kldload ng_ubt\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1448
msgid ""
"If the Bluetooth device will be attached to the system during system "
"startup, the system can be configured to load the module at boot time by "
"adding the driver to [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Si el dispositivo Bluetooth se va a conectar al sistema durante el arranque, "
"éste se puede configurar para cargar el módulo durante el arranque añadiendo "
"el controlador a [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1452
#, no-wrap
msgid "ng_ubt_load=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "ng_ubt_load=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1456
msgid ""
"Once the driver is loaded, plug in the USB dongle.  If the driver load was "
"successful, output similar to the following should appear on the console and "
"in [.filename]#/var/log/messages#:"
msgstr ""
"Una vez que el controlador está cargado, conecta el dispositivo USB. Si el "
"controlador se cargó de forma correcta, en la consola y en [.filename]#/var/"
"log/messages# debería aparecer una salida similar a la siguiente:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1463
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ubt0: vendor 0x0a12 product 0x0001, rev 1.10/5.25, addr 2\n"
"ubt0: Interface 0 endpoints: interrupt=0x81, bulk-in=0x82, bulk-out=0x2\n"
"ubt0: Interface 1 (alt.config 5) endpoints: isoc-in=0x83, isoc-out=0x3,\n"
"      wMaxPacketSize=49, nframes=6, buffer size=294\n"
msgstr ""
"ubt0: vendor 0x0a12 product 0x0001, rev 1.10/5.25, addr 2\n"
"ubt0: Interface 0 endpoints: interrupt=0x81, bulk-in=0x82, bulk-out=0x2\n"
"ubt0: Interface 1 (alt.config 5) endpoints: isoc-in=0x83, isoc-out=0x3,\n"
"      wMaxPacketSize=49, nframes=6, buffer size=294\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1468
msgid ""
"To start and stop the Bluetooth stack, use its startup script. It is a good "
"idea to stop the stack before unplugging the device.  Starting the bluetooth "
"stack might require man:hcsecd[8] to be started.  When starting the stack, "
"the output should be similar to the following:"
msgstr ""
"Para iniciar y parar la pila Bluetooth, utiliza su script de arranque. Es "
"una buena idea parar la pila después de desconectar el dispositivo. Arrancar "
"la pila bluetooth podría necesitar que se arranque man:hcsecd[8]. Cuando se "
"arranca la pila, la salida debería ser similar a la siguiente:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1483
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# service bluetooth start ubt0\n"
"BD_ADDR: 00:02:72:00:d4:1a\n"
"Features: 0xff 0xff 0xf 00 00 00 00 00\n"
"<3-Slot> <5-Slot> <Encryption> <Slot offset>\n"
"<Timing accuracy> <Switch> <Hold mode> <Sniff mode>\n"
"<Park mode> <RSSI> <Channel quality> <SCO link>\n"
"<HV2 packets> <HV3 packets> <u-law log> <A-law log> <CVSD>\n"
"<Paging scheme> <Power control> <Transparent SCO data>\n"
"Max. ACL packet size: 192 bytes\n"
"Number of ACL packets: 8\n"
"Max. SCO packet size: 64 bytes\n"
"Number of SCO packets: 8\n"
msgstr ""
"# service bluetooth start ubt0\n"
"BD_ADDR: 00:02:72:00:d4:1a\n"
"Features: 0xff 0xff 0xf 00 00 00 00 00\n"
"<3-Slot> <5-Slot> <Encryption> <Slot offset>\n"
"<Timing accuracy> <Switch> <Hold mode> <Sniff mode>\n"
"<Park mode> <RSSI> <Channel quality> <SCO link>\n"
"<HV2 packets> <HV3 packets> <u-law log> <A-law log> <CVSD>\n"
"<Paging scheme> <Power control> <Transparent SCO data>\n"
"Max. ACL packet size: 192 bytes\n"
"Number of ACL packets: 8\n"
"Max. SCO packet size: 64 bytes\n"
"Number of SCO packets: 8\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1485
#, no-wrap
msgid "Finding Other Bluetooth Devices"
msgstr "Encontrando Otros Dispositivos Bluetooth"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1490
msgid ""
"The Host Controller Interface (HCI) provides a uniform method for accessing "
"Bluetooth baseband capabilities.  In FreeBSD, a netgraph HCI node is created "
"for each Bluetooth device.  For more details, refer to man:ng_hci[4]."
msgstr ""
"El Host Controller Interface (HCI) proporciona un método uniforme para "
"acceder a las capacidades de la banda base de Bluetooth. En FreeBSD, se crea "
"un nodo HCI de netgraph para cada dispositivo Bluetooth. Para más detalles, "
"consulta man:ng_hci[4]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1497
msgid ""
"One of the most common tasks is discovery of Bluetooth devices within RF "
"proximity.  This operation is called _inquiry_.  Inquiry and other HCI "
"related operations are done using man:hccontrol[8].  The example below shows "
"how to find out which Bluetooth devices are in range.  The list of devices "
"should be displayed in a few seconds.  Note that a remote device will only "
"answer the inquiry if it is set to _discoverable_ mode."
msgstr ""
"Una de las tareas más comunes es el descubrimiento de dispositivos Bluetooth "
"dentro del rango de proximidad de RF. Esta operación se llama _inquiry_ "
"(pregunta). Inquiry y otras operaciones HCI relacionadas se ejecutan con man:"
"hccontrol[8]. El ejemplo de abajo muestra cómo encontrar dispositivos "
"Bluetooth que están dentro de rango. La lista de dispositivos debería "
"mostrarse en unos pocos segundos. Ten en cuenta que un dispositivo remoto "
"sólo contestará a la pregunta si está en modo _descubrible_."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1510
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% hccontrol -n ubt0hci inquiry\n"
"Inquiry result, num_responses=1\n"
"Inquiry result #0\n"
"       BD_ADDR: 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"       Page Scan Rep. Mode: 0x1\n"
"       Page Scan Period Mode: 00\n"
"       Page Scan Mode: 00\n"
"       Class: 52:02:04\n"
"       Clock offset: 0x78ef\n"
"Inquiry complete. Status: No error [00]\n"
msgstr ""
"% hccontrol -n ubt0hci inquiry\n"
"Inquiry result, num_responses=1\n"
"Inquiry result #0\n"
"       BD_ADDR: 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"       Page Scan Rep. Mode: 0x1\n"
"       Page Scan Period Mode: 00\n"
"       Page Scan Mode: 00\n"
"       Class: 52:02:04\n"
"       Clock offset: 0x78ef\n"
"Inquiry complete. Status: No error [00]\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1516
msgid ""
"The `BD_ADDR` is the unique address of a Bluetooth device, similar to the "
"MAC address of a network card.  This address is needed for further "
"communication with a device and it is possible to assign a human readable "
"name to a `BD_ADDR`.  Information regarding the known Bluetooth hosts is "
"contained in [.filename]#/etc/bluetooth/hosts#.  The following example shows "
"how to obtain the human readable name that was assigned to the remote device:"
msgstr ""
"`BD_ADDR` es la dirección única de un dispositivo Bluetooth, similar a la "
"dirección MAC de una tarjeta de red. Esta dirección es necesaria para la "
"comunicación posterior con el dispositivo y es posible asignarle un valor "
"que se amigable de leer. Hay información acerca de los hosts Bluetooth "
"conocidos en [.filename]#/etc/bluetooth/hosts#. El siguiente ejemplo muestra "
"cómo obtener un nombre legible por las personas que ha sido asignado a un "
"dispositivo remoto:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1522
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% hccontrol -n ubt0hci remote_name_request 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"BD_ADDR: 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"Name: Pav's T39\n"
msgstr ""
"% hccontrol -n ubt0hci remote_name_request 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"BD_ADDR: 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"Name: Pav's T39\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1526
msgid ""
"If an inquiry is performed on a remote Bluetooth device, it will find the "
"computer as \"your.host.name (ubt0)\".  The name assigned to the local "
"device can be changed at any time."
msgstr ""
"Si se realiza una pregunta a un dispositivo Bluetooth remoto, encontrará tu "
"ordenador como \"your.host.name (ubt0)\". El nombre asignado al dispositivo "
"local se puede cambiar en cualquier momento."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1529
msgid ""
"Remote devices can be assigned aliases in [.filename]#/etc/bluetooth/"
"hosts#.  More information about [.filename]#/etc/bluetooth/hosts# file might "
"be found in man:bluetooth.hosts[5]."
msgstr ""
"Se puede asignar alias a los dispositivos remotos en [.filename]#/etc/"
"bluetooth/hosts#. Se puede encontrar más información acerca de [.filename]#/"
"etc/bluetooth/hosts# en man:bluetooth.hosts[5]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1532
msgid ""
"The Bluetooth system provides a point-to-point connection between two "
"Bluetooth units, or a point-to-multipoint connection which is shared among "
"several Bluetooth devices.  The following example shows how to create a "
"connection to a remote device:"
msgstr ""
"El sistema Bluetooth proporciona conexión punto a punto entre dos unidades "
"Bluetooth, o punto a multipunto que se comparte entre varios dispositivos "
"Bluetooth. El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo crear una conexión con un "
"dispositivo remoto:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1536
#, no-wrap
msgid "% hccontrol -n ubt0hci create_connection BT_ADDR\n"
msgstr "% hccontrol -n ubt0hci create_connection BT_ADDR\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1539
msgid ""
"`create_connection` accepts `BT_ADDR` as well as host aliases in [."
"filename]#/etc/bluetooth/hosts#."
msgstr ""
"`create_connection` acepta `BT_ADDR` así como los alias encontrados en [."
"filename]#/etc/bluetooth/hosts#."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1541
msgid ""
"The following example shows how to obtain the list of active baseband "
"connections for the local device:"
msgstr ""
"El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo obtener la lista de conexiones activas en "
"la banda base para el dispositivo local:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1547
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% hccontrol -n ubt0hci read_connection_list\n"
"Remote BD_ADDR    Handle Type Mode Role Encrypt Pending Queue State\n"
"00:80:37:29:19:a4     41  ACL    0 MAST    NONE       0     0 OPEN\n"
msgstr ""
"% hccontrol -n ubt0hci read_connection_list\n"
"Remote BD_ADDR    Handle Type Mode Role Encrypt Pending Queue State\n"
"00:80:37:29:19:a4     41  ACL    0 MAST    NONE       0     0 OPEN\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1551
msgid ""
"A _connection handle_ is useful when termination of the baseband connection "
"is required, though it is normally not required to do this by hand.  The "
"stack will automatically terminate inactive baseband connections."
msgstr ""
"Un _manejador de conexión_ es útil cuando se requiere la terminación de una "
"conexión de la banda base, aunque normalmente no es necesario hacer esto a "
"mano. La pila terminará automáticamente las conexiones de banda base "
"inactivas."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1557
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# hccontrol -n ubt0hci disconnect 41\n"
"Connection handle: 41\n"
"Reason: Connection terminated by local host [0x16]\n"
msgstr ""
"# hccontrol -n ubt0hci disconnect 41\n"
"Connection handle: 41\n"
"Reason: Connection terminated by local host [0x16]\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1561
msgid ""
"Type `hccontrol help` for a complete listing of available HCI commands.  "
"Most of the HCI commands do not require superuser privileges."
msgstr ""
"Teclea `hccontrol help` para obtener un listado completo de los comandos HCI "
"disponibles. La mayoría de los comandos HCI no requieren privilegios de "
"súper usuario."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1562
#, no-wrap
msgid "Device Pairing"
msgstr "Emparejamiento de Dispositivos"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1573
msgid ""
"By default, Bluetooth communication is not authenticated, and any device can "
"talk to any other device.  A Bluetooth device, such as a cellular phone, may "
"choose to require authentication to provide a particular service.  Bluetooth "
"authentication is normally done with a _PIN code_, an ASCII string up to 16 "
"characters in length.  The user is required to enter the same PIN code on "
"both devices.  Once the user has entered the PIN code, both devices will "
"generate a _link key_.  After that, the link key can be stored either in the "
"devices or in a persistent storage.  Next time, both devices will use the "
"previously generated link key.  This procedure is called _pairing_.  Note "
"that if the link key is lost by either device, the pairing must be repeated."
msgstr ""
"Por defecto, la comunicación Bluetooth no está autenticada, y cualquier "
"dispositivo puede hablar con cualquier otro. Un dispositivo Bluetooth, como "
"un teléfono móvil, podría decidir requerir autenticación para proporcionar "
"un servicio particular. La autenticación Bluetooth se hacer normalmente con "
"un _código PIN_, una cadena ASCII de hasta 16 caracteres. Se requiere que el "
"usuario introduzca el mismo código PIN en ambos dispositivos. Una vez que el "
"usuario ha introducido el código PIN, ambos dispositivos generarán una "
"_clave de enlace_. Después de eso, la clave de enlace se puede almacenar en "
"los dispositivos o en almacenamiento persistente. La siguiente vez, ambos "
"dispositivos utilizarán las claves de enlace generadas previamente. Este "
"procedimiento se llama _emparejamiento_. Ten en cuenta que si alguno de los "
"dispositivos pierde la clave de enlace, se tiene que repetir el "
"emparejamiento."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1577
msgid ""
"The man:hcsecd[8] daemon is responsible for handling Bluetooth "
"authentication requests.  The default configuration file is [.filename]#/etc/"
"bluetooth/hcsecd.conf#.  An example section for a cellular phone with the "
"PIN code set to `1234` is shown below:"
msgstr ""
"El demonio man:hcsecd[8] es el responsable de manejar las peticiones de "
"autenticación Bluetooth. El fichero de configuración por defecto es [."
"filename]#/etc/bluetooth/hcsecd.conf#. A continuación se muestra un ejemplo "
"de sección para un teléfono móvil con el PIN establecido a `1234`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1586
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"device {\n"
"        bdaddr  00:80:37:29:19:a4;\n"
"        name    \"Pav's T39\";\n"
"        key     nokey;\n"
"        pin     \"1234\";\n"
"      }\n"
msgstr ""
"device {\n"
"        bdaddr  00:80:37:29:19:a4;\n"
"        name    \"Pav's T39\";\n"
"        key     nokey;\n"
"        pin     \"1234\";\n"
"      }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1596
msgid ""
"The only limitation on PIN codes is length.  Some devices, such as Bluetooth "
"headsets, may have a fixed PIN code built in.  The `-d` switch forces man:"
"hcsecd[8] to stay in the foreground, so it is easy to see what is "
"happening.  Set the remote device to receive pairing and initiate the "
"Bluetooth connection to the remote device.  The remote device should "
"indicate that pairing was accepted and request the PIN code.  Enter the same "
"PIN code listed in [.filename]#hcsecd.conf#.  Now the computer and the "
"remote device are paired.  Alternatively, pairing can be initiated on the "
"remote device."
msgstr ""
"La única limitación de los códigos PIN es la longitud. Algunos dispositivos, "
"como los auriculares Bluetooth, podrían tener un código PIN fijo de fábrica. "
"La opción `-d` fuerza a man:hcsecd[8] a permanecer en primer plano, de forma "
"que es fácil ver lo que está pasando. Establece el dispositivo remoto para "
"que reciba emparejamientos e inicia la conexión Bluetooth con el dispositivo "
"remoto. El dispositivo remoto debería indicar que el emparejamiento ha sido "
"aceptado y solicitar el código PIN. Introduce el mismo código PIN listado en "
"[.filename]#hcsecd.conf#. Ahora el ordenador y el dispositivo remoto están "
"emparejados. De forma alternativa, el emparejamiento puede ser iniciado por "
"el dispositivo remoto."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1598
msgid ""
"The following line can be added to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# to configure "
"man:hcsecd[8] to start automatically on system start:"
msgstr ""
"Se puede añadir la siguiente línea a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# para "
"configurar que man:hcsecd[8] arranque automáticamente cuando se inicia el "
"sistema:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1602
#, no-wrap
msgid "hcsecd_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "hcsecd_enable=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1605
msgid "The following is a sample of the man:hcsecd[8] daemon output:"
msgstr "Lo siguiente es una muestra de la salida del demonio man:hcsecd[8]:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1614
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hcsecd[16484]: Got Link_Key_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"hcsecd[16484]: Found matching entry, remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4, name 'Pav's T39', link key doesn't exist\n"
"hcsecd[16484]: Sending Link_Key_Negative_Reply to 'ubt0hci' for remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"hcsecd[16484]: Got PIN_Code_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"hcsecd[16484]: Found matching entry, remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4, name 'Pav's T39', PIN code exists\n"
"hcsecd[16484]: Sending PIN_Code_Reply to 'ubt0hci' for remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
msgstr ""
"hcsecd[16484]: Got Link_Key_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"hcsecd[16484]: Found matching entry, remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4, name 'Pav's T39', link key doesn't exist\n"
"hcsecd[16484]: Sending Link_Key_Negative_Reply to 'ubt0hci' for remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"hcsecd[16484]: Got PIN_Code_Request event from 'ubt0hci', remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"hcsecd[16484]: Found matching entry, remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4, name 'Pav's T39', PIN code exists\n"
"hcsecd[16484]: Sending PIN_Code_Reply to 'ubt0hci' for remote bdaddr 0:80:37:29:19:a4\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1616
#, no-wrap
msgid "Network Access with PPP Profiles"
msgstr "Acceso a la Red con Perfiles PPP"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1620
msgid ""
"A Dial-Up Networking (DUN) profile can be used to configure a cellular phone "
"as a wireless modem for connecting to a dial-up Internet access server.  It "
"can also be used to configure a computer to receive data calls from a "
"cellular phone."
msgstr ""
"Es posible utilizar un perfil DUN (Dial-Up Networking) para configurar un "
"teléfono móvil como un módem inalámbrico para conectarse a un servidor de "
"acceso a Internet. También se puede utilizar para configurar un ordenador "
"para recibir llamadas de datos desde un teléfono móvil."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1623
msgid ""
"Network access with a PPP profile can be used to provide LAN access for a "
"single Bluetooth device or multiple Bluetooth devices.  It can also provide "
"PC to PC connection using PPP networking over serial cable emulation."
msgstr ""
"Se puede usar el acceso a la red mediante un perfil PPP para proporcionar "
"acceso LAN para uno o varios dispositivos Bluetooth. También puede "
"proporcionar conexión PC a PC usando PPP sobre emulación de cable serie."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1627
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, these profiles are implemented with man:ppp[8] and the man:"
"rfcomm_pppd[8] wrapper which converts a Bluetooth connection into something "
"PPP can use.  Before a profile can be used, a new PPP label must be created "
"in [.filename]#/etc/ppp/ppp.conf#.  Consult man:rfcomm_pppd[8] for examples."
msgstr ""
"En FreeBSD, estos perfiles se implementan con man:ppp[8] y el adaptador man:"
"rfcomm_pppd[8] que convierte la conexión Bluetooth en algo que PPP puede "
"usar. Antes de que se pueda usar el perfile, se debe crear una nueva "
"etiqueta PPP en [.filename]#/etc/ppp/ppp.conf#. Consulta man:rfcomm_pppd[8] "
"para ver ejemplos."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1629
msgid ""
"In this example, man:rfcomm_pppd[8] is used to open a connection to a remote "
"device with a `BD_ADDR` of `00:80:37:29:19:a4` on a DUNRFCOMM channel:"
msgstr ""
"En este ejemplo, se usa man:rfcomm_pppd[8] para abrir una conexión con un "
"dispositivo remoto con un `BD_ADDR` de `00:80:37:29:19:a4` en un canal "
"DUNRFCOMM:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1633
#, no-wrap
msgid "# rfcomm_pppd -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -c -C dun -l rfcomm-dialup\n"
msgstr "# rfcomm_pppd -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -c -C dun -l rfcomm-dialup\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1638
msgid ""
"The actual channel number will be obtained from the remote device using the "
"SDP protocol.  It is possible to specify the RFCOMM channel by hand, and in "
"this case man:rfcomm_pppd[8] will not perform the SDP query.  Use man:"
"sdpcontrol[8] to find out the RFCOMM channel on the remote device."
msgstr ""
"El número de canal real se obtendrá del dispositivo remoto usando el "
"protocolo SDP. Es posible especificar el canal RFCOMM a mano, y en este caso "
"man:rfcomm_pppd[8] no realizará la consulta SDP. Usa man:sdpcontrol[8] para "
"averiguar el canal RFCOMM en el dispositivo remoto."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1644
msgid ""
"In order to provide network access with the PPPLAN service, man:sdpd[8] must "
"be running and a new entry for LAN clients must be created in [.filename]#/"
"etc/ppp/ppp.conf#.  Consult man:rfcomm_pppd[8] for examples.  Finally, start "
"the RFCOMMPPP server on a valid RFCOMM channel number.  The RFCOMMPPP server "
"will automatically register the Bluetooth LAN service with the local SDP "
"daemon.  The example below shows how to start the RFCOMMPPP server."
msgstr ""
"Para proporcionar acceso a la red con el servicio PPPLAN, se debe estar "
"ejecutando man:sdpd[8] y se tienen que crear una nueva entrada para clientes "
"LAN en [.filename]#/etc/ppp/ppp.conf#. Consulta man:rfcomm_pppd[8] para ver "
"ejemplos. Finalmente, arrancar el servidor RFCOMMPPP en un número de canal "
"RFCOMM válido. El servidor RFCOMMPPP registrará automáticamente el servicio "
"LAN Bluetooth con el demonio SDP local. El ejemplo de abajo muestra cómo "
"arrancar el servidor RFCOMMPPP."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1648
#, no-wrap
msgid "# rfcomm_pppd -s -C 7 -l rfcomm-server\n"
msgstr "# rfcomm_pppd -s -C 7 -l rfcomm-server\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1650
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bluetooth Protocols"
msgstr "Protocolos Bluetooth"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1653
msgid ""
"This section provides an overview of the various Bluetooth protocols, their "
"function, and associated utilities."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección proporciona un resumen de varios protocolos Bluetooth, sus "
"funciones, y sus utilidades asociadas."

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1654
#, no-wrap
msgid "Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)"
msgstr "Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1658
msgid ""
"The Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) provides connection-"
"oriented and connectionless data services to upper layer protocols.  L2CAP "
"permits higher level protocols and applications to transmit and receive "
"L2CAP data packets up to 64 kilobytes in length."
msgstr ""
"El Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) proporciona "
"servicios de datos orientados a conexión así como no orientados a conexión a "
"los protocolos de las capas superiores. L2CAP permite a los protocolos y "
"aplicaciones de niveles más altos transmitir y recibir paquetes de datos "
"L2CAP de hasta 64 kilobytes de longitud."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1664
msgid ""
"L2CAP is based around the concept of _channels_.  A channel is a logical "
"connection on top of a baseband connection, where each channel is bound to a "
"single protocol in a many-to-one fashion.  Multiple channels can be bound to "
"the same protocol, but a channel cannot be bound to multiple protocols.  "
"Each L2CAP packet received on a channel is directed to the appropriate "
"higher level protocol.  Multiple channels can share the same baseband "
"connection."
msgstr ""
"L2CAP se basa en el concepto de _canales_. Un canal es una conexión lógica "
"construida sobre una conexión de banda base, donde cada canal está asociado "
"a un sólo protocolo en una forma muchos-a-uno. Se pueden asociar múltiples "
"canales al mismo protocolo, pero un canal no se puede asociar a múltiples "
"protocolos. Cada paquete L2CAP recibido en un canal es redirigido al "
"protocolo de nivel superior apropiado. Varios canales pueden compartir la "
"misma conexión de banda base."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1669
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, a netgraph L2CAP node is created for each Bluetooth device.  "
"This node is normally connected to the downstream Bluetooth HCI node and "
"upstream Bluetooth socket nodes.  The default name for the L2CAP node is "
"\"devicel2cap\".  For more details refer to man:ng_l2cap[4]."
msgstr ""
"En FreeBSD, se crear un nodo L2CAP de netgraph para cada dispositivo "
"Bluetooth. Este nodo normalmente se conecta con el nodo HCI Bluetooth "
"inferior y los nodos socket Bluetooth superiores. El nombre por defecto para "
"el nodo L2CAP es \"devicel2cap\". Para más detalles consulta man:ng_l2cap[4]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1672
msgid ""
"A useful command is man:l2ping[8], which can be used to ping other devices.  "
"Some Bluetooth implementations might not return all of the data sent to "
"them, so `0 bytes` in the following example is normal."
msgstr ""
"Un comando útil es man:l2ping[8], que puede ser usado para hacer ping a "
"otros dispositivos. Algunas implementaciones Bluetooth podrían no devolver "
"todos los datos que se les envía, de forma que los `0 bytes` en el siguiente "
"ejemplo es algo normal."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1680
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# l2ping -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=0 time=48.633 ms result=0\n"
"0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=1 time=37.551 ms result=0\n"
"0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=2 time=28.324 ms result=0\n"
"0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=3 time=46.150 ms result=0\n"
msgstr ""
"# l2ping -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4\n"
"0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=0 time=48.633 ms result=0\n"
"0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=1 time=37.551 ms result=0\n"
"0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=2 time=28.324 ms result=0\n"
"0 bytes from 0:80:37:29:19:a4 seq_no=3 time=46.150 ms result=0\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1684
msgid ""
"The man:l2control[8] utility is used to perform various operations on L2CAP "
"nodes.  This example shows how to obtain the list of logical connections "
"(channels) and the list of baseband connections for the local device:"
msgstr ""
"La utilidad man:l2control[8] se utiliza para realizar varias operaciones "
"sobre los nodos L2CAP. Este ejemplo muestra cómo obtener la lista de "
"conexiones lógicas (canales) y la lista de conexiones de banda base para el "
"dispositivo local:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1695
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_channel_list\n"
"L2CAP channels:\n"
"Remote BD_ADDR     SCID/ DCID   PSM  IMTU/ OMTU State\n"
"00:07:e0:00:0b:ca    66/   64     3   132/  672 OPEN\n"
"% l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_connection_list\n"
"L2CAP connections:\n"
"Remote BD_ADDR    Handle Flags Pending State\n"
"00:07:e0:00:0b:ca     41 O           0 OPEN\n"
msgstr ""
"% l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_channel_list\n"
"L2CAP channels:\n"
"Remote BD_ADDR     SCID/ DCID   PSM  IMTU/ OMTU State\n"
"00:07:e0:00:0b:ca    66/   64     3   132/  672 OPEN\n"
"% l2control -a 00:02:72:00:d4:1a read_connection_list\n"
"L2CAP connections:\n"
"Remote BD_ADDR    Handle Flags Pending State\n"
"00:07:e0:00:0b:ca     41 O           0 OPEN\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1700
msgid ""
"Another diagnostic tool is man:btsockstat[1].  It is similar to man:"
"netstat[1], but for Bluetooth network-related data structures.  The example "
"below shows the same logical connection as man:l2control[8] above."
msgstr ""
"Otra herramienta de diagnóstico es man:btsockstat[1]. Es similar a man:"
"netstat[1], pero para estructuras de datos de red Bluetooth. El ejemplo de "
"abajo muestra la misma conexión lógica como man:l2control[8] arriba."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1713
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% btsockstat\n"
"Active L2CAP sockets\n"
"PCB      Recv-Q Send-Q Local address/PSM       Foreign address   CID   State\n"
"c2afe900      0      0 00:02:72:00:d4:1a/3     00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 66    OPEN\n"
"Active RFCOMM sessions\n"
"L2PCB    PCB      Flag MTU   Out-Q DLCs State\n"
"c2afe900 c2b53380 1    127   0     Yes  OPEN\n"
"Active RFCOMM sockets\n"
"PCB      Recv-Q Send-Q Local address     Foreign address   Chan DLCI State\n"
"c2e8bc80      0    250 00:02:72:00:d4:1a 00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 3    6    OPEN\n"
msgstr ""
"% btsockstat\n"
"Active L2CAP sockets\n"
"PCB      Recv-Q Send-Q Local address/PSM       Foreign address   CID   State\n"
"c2afe900      0      0 00:02:72:00:d4:1a/3     00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 66    OPEN\n"
"Active RFCOMM sessions\n"
"L2PCB    PCB      Flag MTU   Out-Q DLCs State\n"
"c2afe900 c2b53380 1    127   0     Yes  OPEN\n"
"Active RFCOMM sockets\n"
"PCB      Recv-Q Send-Q Local address     Foreign address   Chan DLCI State\n"
"c2e8bc80      0    250 00:02:72:00:d4:1a 00:07:e0:00:0b:ca 3    6    OPEN\n"

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1715
#, no-wrap
msgid "Radio Frequency Communication (RFCOMM)"
msgstr "Comunicación por Radio Frecuencia (RFCOMM)"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1720
msgid ""
"The RFCOMM protocol provides emulation of serial ports over the L2CAP "
"protocol.  RFCOMM is a simple transport protocol, with additional provisions "
"for emulating the 9 circuits of RS-232 (EIATIA-232-E) serial ports.  It "
"supports up to 60 simultaneous connections (RFCOMM channels) between two "
"Bluetooth devices."
msgstr ""
"El protocolo RFCOMM proporciona emulación de puertos serie sobre el "
"protocolo L2CAP. RFCOMM es un protocolo de transporte simple, con soporte "
"adicional para emular los 9 circuitos de los puertos serie RS-2332 "
"(EIATIA-232-E). Soporta hasta 60 conexiones simultáneas (canales RFCOMM) "
"entre dos dispositivos Bluetooth."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1724
msgid ""
"For the purposes of RFCOMM, a complete communication path involves two "
"applications running on the communication endpoints with a communication "
"segment between them.  RFCOMM is intended to cover applications that make "
"use of the serial ports of the devices in which they reside.  The "
"communication segment is a direct connect Bluetooth link from one device to "
"another."
msgstr ""
"Para los propósitos de RFCOMM, un camino de comunicación completo incluye "
"dos aplicaciones ejecutándose en los extremos de la comunicación con un "
"segmento de comunicación entre ellos. RFCOMM está pensado para cubrir "
"aplicaciones que hace uso de los puertos serie de los dispositivos en los "
"que se encuentra. El segmento de comunicación es una enlace de conexión "
"Bluetooth directa desde un dispositivo a otro."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1727
msgid ""
"RFCOMM is only concerned with the connection between the devices in the "
"direct connect case, or between the device and a modem in the network case.  "
"RFCOMM can support other configurations, such as modules that communicate "
"via Bluetooth wireless technology on one side and provide a wired interface "
"on the other side."
msgstr ""
"RFCOMM sólo se preocupa de la conexión entre los dispositivos en el caso de "
"una conexión directa, o entre un dispositivo y un módem en el caso de red. "
"RFCOMM puede soportar otras configuraciones, como módulos que se comunican "
"vía tecnología inalámbrica Bluetooth en un lado y proporciona un interfaz "
"por cable en el otro lado."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1729
msgid "In FreeBSD, RFCOMM is implemented at the Bluetooth sockets layer."
msgstr "En FreeBSD, RFCOMM está implementado en la capa de sockets Bluetooth."

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1730
#, no-wrap
msgid "Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)"
msgstr "Protocolo de Descubrimiento de Servicios (SDP)"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1734
msgid ""
"The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) provides the means for client "
"applications to discover the existence of services provided by server "
"applications as well as the attributes of those services.  The attributes of "
"a service include the type or class of service offered and the mechanism or "
"protocol information needed to utilize the service."
msgstr ""
"El Protocolo de Descubrimiento de Servicios (SDP) proporciona los medios "
"para que las aplicaciones cliente descubran la existencia de servicios "
"proporcionados por aplicaciones servidoras así como los atributos de dichos "
"servicios. Los atributos de un servicio incluyen el tipo o clase del "
"servicio ofrecido y el mecanismo o protocolo de información necesario para "
"utilizarlo."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1741
msgid ""
"SDP involves communication between a SDP server and a SDP client.  The "
"server maintains a list of service records that describe the characteristics "
"of services associated with the server.  Each service record contains "
"information about a single service.  A client may retrieve information from "
"a service record maintained by the SDP server by issuing a SDP request.  If "
"the client, or an application associated with the client, decides to use a "
"service, it must open a separate connection to the service provider in order "
"to utilize the service.  SDP provides a mechanism for discovering services "
"and their attributes, but it does not provide a mechanism for utilizing "
"those services."
msgstr ""
"SDP incluye comunicación entre un servidor SDP y un cliente SDP. El servidor "
"mantiene una lista de registros de servicio que describe las características "
"de los servicios asociados con el servidor. Cada registro de servicio "
"contiene información acerca de un único servicio. Un cliente puede recuperar "
"información de un registro de servicio mantenido por el servidor SDP "
"realizando una petición SDP. Si el cliente, o una aplicación asociada con el "
"cliente, decide usar un servicio, debe abrir una conexión separada con el "
"proveedor del servicio para poder utilizarlo. SDP proporciona un mecanismo "
"para descubrir servicios y sus atributos, pero no proporciona un mecanismo "
"para utilizar esos servicios."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1745
msgid ""
"Normally, a SDP client searches for services based on some desired "
"characteristics of the services.  However, there are times when it is "
"desirable to discover which types of services are described by an SDP "
"server's service records without any prior information about the services.  "
"This process of looking for any offered services is called _browsing_."
msgstr ""
"Normalmente, un cliente SDP busca servicios basándose en alguna "
"característica deseada de los servicios. Sin embargo, a veces es preferible "
"descubrir qué tipos de servicios están descritos por los registros de "
"servicio de un servidor SDP sin ninguna información previa acerca de los "
"servicios. Este proceso de buscar cualquier servicio ofrecido se llama "
"_navegación_ (browsing)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1748
msgid ""
"The Bluetooth SDP server, man:sdpd[8], and command line client, man:"
"sdpcontrol[8], are included in the standard FreeBSD installation.  The "
"following example shows how to perform a SDP browse query."
msgstr ""
"El servidor SDP Bluetooth, man:sdpd[8], y cliente en línea de comando, man:"
"sdpcontrol[8], están incluidos en la instalación estándar de FreeBSD. El "
"siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo realizar una petición de navegación SDP."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1759
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec browse\n"
"Record Handle: 00000000\n"
"Service Class ID List:\n"
"        Service Discovery Server (0x1000)\n"
"Protocol Descriptor List:\n"
"        L2CAP (0x0100)\n"
"                Protocol specific parameter #1: u/int/uuid16 1\n"
"                Protocol specific parameter #2: u/int/uuid16 1\n"
msgstr ""
"% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec browse\n"
"Record Handle: 00000000\n"
"Service Class ID List:\n"
"        Service Discovery Server (0x1000)\n"
"Protocol Descriptor List:\n"
"        L2CAP (0x0100)\n"
"                Protocol specific parameter #1: u/int/uuid16 1\n"
"                Protocol specific parameter #2: u/int/uuid16 1\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1763
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Record Handle: 0x00000001\n"
"Service Class ID List:\n"
"        Browse Group Descriptor (0x1001)\n"
msgstr ""
"Record Handle: 0x00000001\n"
"Service Class ID List:\n"
"        Browse Group Descriptor (0x1001)\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1773
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"Record Handle: 0x00000002\n"
"Service Class ID List:\n"
"        LAN Access Using PPP (0x1102)\n"
"Protocol Descriptor List:\n"
"        L2CAP (0x0100)\n"
"        RFCOMM (0x0003)\n"
"                Protocol specific parameter #1: u/int8/bool 1\n"
"Bluetooth Profile Descriptor List:\n"
"        LAN Access Using PPP (0x1102) ver. 1.0\n"
msgstr ""
"Record Handle: 0x00000002\n"
"Service Class ID List:\n"
"        LAN Access Using PPP (0x1102)\n"
"Protocol Descriptor List:\n"
"        L2CAP (0x0100)\n"
"        RFCOMM (0x0003)\n"
"                Protocol specific parameter #1: u/int8/bool 1\n"
"Bluetooth Profile Descriptor List:\n"
"        LAN Access Using PPP (0x1102) ver. 1.0\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1780
msgid ""
"Note that each service has a list of attributes, such as the RFCOMM "
"channel.  Depending on the service, the user might need to make note of some "
"of the attributes.  Some Bluetooth implementations do not support service "
"browsing and may return an empty list.  In this case, it is possible to "
"search for the specific service.  The example below shows how to search for "
"the OBEX Object Push (OPUSH) service:"
msgstr ""
"Ten en cuenta que cada servicio tiene una lista de atributos, como el canal "
"RFCOMM. Dependiendo del servicio, el usuario podría necesitar anotar algunos "
"de los atributos. Algunas implementaciones de Bluetooth no soportan la "
"navegación de servicios y podrían devolver una lista vacía. En este caso, es "
"posible buscar un servicio específico. El ejemplo inferior muestra cómo "
"buscar el servicio OBEX Object Push (OPUSH):"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1784
#, no-wrap
msgid "% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec search OPUSH\n"
msgstr "% sdpcontrol -a 00:01:03:fc:6e:ec search OPUSH\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1788
msgid ""
"Offering services on FreeBSD to Bluetooth clients is done with the man:"
"sdpd[8] server.  The following line can be added to [.filename]#/etc/rc."
"conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Ofrecer servicios de FreeBSD a clientes Bluetooth se hace con el servidor "
"man:sdpd[8]. Se puede añadir la siguiente línea a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1792
#, no-wrap
msgid "sdpd_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "sdpd_enable=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1795
msgid "Then the man:sdpd[8] daemon can be started with:"
msgstr "El demonio man:sdpd[8] se puede arrancar con:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1799
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service sdpd start\n"
msgstr "# service sdpd start\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1804
msgid ""
"The local server application that wants to provide a Bluetooth service to "
"remote clients will register the service with the local SDP daemon.  An "
"example of such an application is man:rfcomm_pppd[8].  Once started, it will "
"register the Bluetooth LAN service with the local SDP daemon."
msgstr ""
"La aplicación servidora local que quiera proporcionar un servicio Bluetooth "
"a clientes remotos registrará el servicio en el demonio SDP local. Un "
"ejemplo de dicha aplicación es man:rfcomm_pppd[8]. Una vez iniciado, "
"registrará el servicio LAN Bluetooth con el demonio local SDP."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1806
msgid ""
"The list of services registered with the local SDP server can be obtained by "
"issuing a SDP browse query via the local control channel:"
msgstr ""
"Se puede obtener la lista de servicios registrados en el servidor SDP local "
"realizando una petición de navegación SDP mediante el canal de control local:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1810
#, no-wrap
msgid "# sdpcontrol -l browse\n"
msgstr "# sdpcontrol -l browse\n"

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1812
#, no-wrap
msgid "OBEX Object Push (OPUSH)"
msgstr "OBEX Object Push (OPUSH)"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1816
msgid ""
"Object Exchange (OBEX) is a widely used protocol for simple file transfers "
"between mobile devices.  Its main use is in infrared communication, where it "
"is used for generic file transfers between notebooks or PDAs, and for "
"sending business cards or calendar entries between cellular phones and other "
"devices with Personal Information Manager (PIM) applications."
msgstr ""
"Object Exchange (OBEX) es un protocolo ampliamente utilizado para "
"transferencias de ficheros sencillas entre dispositivos móviles. Su "
"principal uso está en la comunicación infrarroja, donde se usa para "
"transferencias de ficheros genéricas entre portátiles o PDAs, y para enviar "
"tarjetas de negocios o entradas de calendario entre teléfonos móviles y "
"otros dispositivos con aplicaciones PIM (Personal Information Manager)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1818
msgid ""
"The OBEX server and client are implemented by obexapp, which can be "
"installed using the package:comms/obexapp[] package or port."
msgstr ""
"El servidor y cliente OBEX están implementados por obexapp, que se pude "
"instalar usando el paquete o port package:comms/obexapp[]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1826
msgid ""
"The OBEX client is used to push and/or pull objects from the OBEX server.  "
"An example object is a business card or an appointment.  The OBEX client can "
"obtain the RFCOMM channel number from the remote device via SDP.  This can "
"be done by specifying the service name instead of the RFCOMM channel "
"number.  Supported service names are: `IrMC`, `FTRN`, and `OPUSH`.  It is "
"also possible to specify the RFCOMM channel as a number.  Below is an "
"example of an OBEX session where the device information object is pulled "
"from the cellular phone, and a new object, the business card, is pushed into "
"the phone's directory."
msgstr ""
"El cliente OBEX es utilizado para subir y/o bajar objetos del servidor OBEX. "
"Un objeto de ejemplo es una tarjeta de negocio o una cita. El cliente OBEX "
"puede obtener el número de canal RFCOMM del dispositivo remoto vía SDP. Esto "
"se puede hacer especificando el nombre del servicio en lugar del número de "
"canal RFCOMM. Los nombres de servicios soportados son: `IrMC`, `FTRN`, y "
"`OPUSH`. También es posible especificar el canal RFCOMM como un número. "
"Abajo hay un ejemplo de una sesión OBEX donde el objeto de información del "
"dispositivo se descarga desde un teléfono móvil, y un nuevo objeto, la "
"tarjeta de negocio, se sube al directorio del teléfono."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1836
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% obexapp -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -C IrMC\n"
"obex> get telecom/devinfo.txt devinfo-t39.txt\n"
"Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)\n"
"obex> put new.vcf\n"
"Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)\n"
"obex> di\n"
"Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)\n"
msgstr ""
"% obexapp -a 00:80:37:29:19:a4 -C IrMC\n"
"obex> get telecom/devinfo.txt devinfo-t39.txt\n"
"Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)\n"
"obex> put new.vcf\n"
"Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)\n"
"obex> di\n"
"Success, response: OK, Success (0x20)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1843
msgid ""
"In order to provide the OPUSH service, man:sdpd[8] must be running and a "
"root folder, where all incoming objects will be stored, must be created.  "
"The default path to the root folder is [.filename]#/var/spool/obex#.  "
"Finally, start the OBEX server on a valid RFCOMM channel number.  The OBEX "
"server will automatically register the OPUSH service with the local SDP "
"daemon.  The example below shows how to start the OBEX server."
msgstr ""
"Para proporcionar el servicio OPUSH, man:sdpd[8] debe estar en ejecución y "
"se debe crear una carpeta raíz donde se almacenarán todos los objetos "
"recibidos. La ruta por defecto de la carpeta raíz es [.filename]#/var/spool/"
"obex#. Por último, inicia el servidor OBEX en un número de canal RFCOMM "
"válido. El servidor OBEX registrará automáticamente el servicio OPUSH con el "
"demonio SDP local. El ejemplo de abajo muestra cómo iniciar el servidor OBEX."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1847
#, no-wrap
msgid "# obexapp -s -C 10\n"
msgstr "# obexapp -s -C 10\n"

#. type: Title ====
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1849
#, no-wrap
msgid "Serial Port Profile (SPP)"
msgstr "Perfil de Puerto Serie (SPP)"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1853
msgid ""
"The Serial Port Profile (SPP) allows Bluetooth devices to perform serial "
"cable emulation.  This profile allows legacy applications to use Bluetooth "
"as a cable replacement, through a virtual serial port abstraction."
msgstr ""
"El Perfil de Puerto Serie (SPP) permite a los dispositivos Bluetooth "
"realizar emulación de cable serie. Este perfile permite a aplicaciones "
"heredadas utilizar Bluetooth como un sustituto del cable, a través de una "
"abstracción de puerto serie."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1858
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, man:rfcomm_sppd[1] implements SPP and a pseudo tty is used as a "
"virtual serial port abstraction.  The example below shows how to connect to "
"a remote device's serial port service.  A RFCOMM channel does not have to be "
"specified as man:rfcomm_sppd[1] can obtain it from the remote device via "
"SDP.  To override this, specify a RFCOMM channel on the command line."
msgstr ""
"En FreeBSD, man:rfcomm_sppd[1] implementa SPP y un pseudo tty es usado como "
"abstracción de puerto serie virtual. El ejemplo de abajo muestra cómo "
"conectarse al servicio de puerto serie de un dispositivo remoto. No se tiene "
"que especificar un canal RFCOMM ya que man:rfcomm_sppd[1] puede obtenerlo "
"del dispositivo remoto vía SDP. Para cambiar esto, especifica un canal "
"RFCOMM en la línea de comando."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1864
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t\n"
"rfcomm_sppd[94692]: Starting on /dev/pts/6...\n"
"/dev/pts/6\n"
msgstr ""
"# rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t\n"
"rfcomm_sppd[94692]: Starting on /dev/pts/6...\n"
"/dev/pts/6\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1867
msgid "Once connected, the pseudo tty can be used as serial port:"
msgstr "Una vez conectado, el pseudo tty puede ser usado como un puerto serie:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1871
#, no-wrap
msgid "# cu -l /dev/pts/6\n"
msgstr "# cu -l /dev/pts/6\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1874
msgid "The pseudo tty is printed on stdout and can be read by wrapper scripts:"
msgstr "El pseudo tty se imprime en stdout y se puede leer mediante scripts:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1879
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"PTS=`rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t`\n"
"cu -l $PTS\n"
msgstr ""
"PTS=`rfcomm_sppd -a 00:07:E0:00:0B:CA -t`\n"
"cu -l $PTS\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1887
msgid ""
"By default, when FreeBSD is accepting a new connection, it tries to perform "
"a role switch and become master.  Some older Bluetooth devices which do not "
"support role switching will not be able to connect.  Since role switching is "
"performed when a new connection is being established, it is not possible to "
"ask the remote device if it supports role switching.  However, there is a "
"HCI option to disable role switching on the local side:"
msgstr ""
"Por defecto, cuando FreeBSD está aceptando una nueva conexión, intenta "
"realizar un cambio de roles y convertirse en maestro. Algunos dispositivos "
"Bluetooth más antiguos que no soportan el cambio de roles no serán capaces "
"de conectar. Puesto que el cambio de roles se realiza cuando se establece "
"una nueva conexión, no es posible preguntar al dispositivo remoto si soporta "
"el cambio de roles. Sin embargo, hay una opción HCI para deshabilitar el "
"intercambio de roles en el lado local:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1891
#, no-wrap
msgid "# hccontrol -n ubt0hci write_node_role_switch 0\n"
msgstr "# hccontrol -n ubt0hci write_node_role_switch 0\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1895
msgid ""
"To display Bluetooth packets, use the third-party package hcidump, which can "
"be installed using the package:comms/hcidump[] package or port.  This "
"utility is similar to man:tcpdump[1] and can be used to display the contents "
"of Bluetooth packets on the terminal and to dump the Bluetooth packets to a "
"file."
msgstr ""
"Para mostrar paquetes Bluetooht, usa el paquete de terceros hcidump, que se "
"puede instalar mediante el paquete o port package:comms/hcidump[]. Esta "
"utilidad es similar a man:tcpdump[1] y se puede usar para mostrar el "
"contenido de los paquetes Bluetooth en el terminal y para volcarlos a un "
"fichero."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1897
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bridging"
msgstr "Bridging"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1901
msgid ""
"It is sometimes useful to divide a network, such as an Ethernet segment, "
"into network segments without having to create IP subnets and use a router "
"to connect the segments together.  A device that connects two networks "
"together in this fashion is called a \"bridge\"."
msgstr ""
"A veces es útil dividir una red, como un segmento Ethernet, en segmentos de "
"red sin tener que crear subredes IP y utilizar un router para conectar los "
"segmentos entre ellos. Un dispositivo que conecta dos redes juntas de esta "
"forma se llama \"bridge\"."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1906
msgid ""
"A bridge works by learning the MAC addresses of the devices on each of its "
"network interfaces.  It forwards traffic between networks only when the "
"source and destination MAC addresses are on different networks.  In many "
"respects, a bridge is like an Ethernet switch with very few ports.  A "
"FreeBSD system with multiple network interfaces can be configured to act as "
"a bridge."
msgstr ""
"Un bridge funciona aprendiendo las direcciones MAC de los dispositivos en "
"cada una de sus interfaces de red. Reenvía tráfico entre las redes sólo "
"cuando las direcciones de origen y destino están en diferentes redes. En "
"muchos aspectos, un bridge es como un switch Ethernet con muy pocos puertos. "
"Un sistema FreeBSD como varias interfaces de red puede ser configurado para "
"funcionar como un bridge."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1908
msgid "Bridging can be useful in the following situations:"
msgstr "Un bridge puede ser útil en las siguientes situaciones:"

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1909
#, no-wrap
msgid "Connecting Networks"
msgstr "Conectar Redes"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1913
msgid ""
"The basic operation of a bridge is to join two or more network segments.  "
"There are many reasons to use a host-based bridge instead of networking "
"equipment, such as cabling constraints or firewalling.  A bridge can also "
"connect a wireless interface running in hostap mode to a wired network and "
"act as an access point."
msgstr ""
"La operación básica de un bridge es juntar dos o más segmentos de red. Hay "
"muchas razones para usar un bridge basado en host en lugar de un "
"equipamiento de red, como restricciones en el cableado o los firewalls. Un "
"bridge también puede conectar una interfaz inalámbrica funcionando en modo "
"hostap con una red cableada y actuar como punto de acceso."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1914
#, no-wrap
msgid "Filtering/Traffic Shaping Firewall"
msgstr "Filtrado/Firewall the Modelado de Tráfico"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1916
msgid ""
"A bridge can be used when firewall functionality is needed without routing "
"or Network Address Translation (NAT)."
msgstr ""
"Se puede usar un bridge cuando se necesita funcionalidad de firewall sin "
"enrutado o traducciones de direcciones de red (NAT, Network Address "
"Translation)."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1921
msgid ""
"An example is a small company that is connected via DSL or ISDN to an ISP.  "
"There are thirteen public IP addresses from the ISP and ten computers on the "
"network.  In this situation, using a router-based firewall is difficult "
"because of subnetting issues.  A bridge-based firewall can be configured "
"without any IP addressing issues."
msgstr ""
"Un ejemplo es una pequeña compañía que está conectada a un ISP mediante DSL "
"o ISDN. Hay trece direcciones IP públicas del ISP y diez ordenadores en la "
"red. En esta situación, usar un firewall basado en un router es difícil por "
"problemas con las subredes. Un firewall basado en bridge se puede configurar "
"sin ningún problema con las direcciones IP."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1922
#, no-wrap
msgid "Network Tap"
msgstr "Network Tap"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1924
msgid ""
"A bridge can join two network segments in order to inspect all Ethernet "
"frames that pass between them using man:bpf[4] and man:tcpdump[1] on the "
"bridge interface, or by sending a copy of all frames out on an additional "
"interface known as a span port."
msgstr ""
"Un bridge puede unir dos segmentos de red para inspeccionar todas las tramas "
"Ethernet que pasan entre ellos usando man:bpf[4] y man:tcpdump[1] en la "
"interfaz bridge, o enviando una copia de todas las tramas hacia un interfaz "
"adicional conocido como un puerto span."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1925
#, no-wrap
msgid "Layer 2 VPN"
msgstr "VPN en la Capa 2"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1927
msgid ""
"Two Ethernet networks can be joined across an IP link by bridging the "
"networks to an EtherIP tunnel or a man:tap[4] based solution such as OpenVPN."
msgstr ""
"Dos redes Ethernet se pueden unir mediante un enlace IP uniendo las redes a "
"un túnel EtherIP o a una solución basada en man:tap[4] como OpenVPN."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1928
#, no-wrap
msgid "Layer 2 Redundancy"
msgstr "Redundancia en la Capa 2"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1930
msgid ""
"A network can be connected together with multiple links and use the Spanning "
"Tree Protocol (STP) to block redundant paths."
msgstr ""
"Una red puede estar conectada con múltiples enlaces y usar el Spanning Tree "
"Protocol (STP) para bloquear caminos redundantes."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1933
msgid ""
"This section describes how to configure a FreeBSD system as a bridge using "
"man:if_bridge[4].  A netgraph bridging driver is also available, and is "
"described in man:ng_bridge[4]."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección describe cómo configurar un sistema FreeBSD como un bridge "
"usando man:if_bridge[4]. También hay disponible un driver bridge de "
"netgraph, y se describe en man:ng_bridge[4]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1938
msgid ""
"Packet filtering can be used with any firewall package that hooks into the "
"man:pfil[9] framework.  The bridge can be used as a traffic shaper with man:"
"altq[4] or man:dummynet[4]."
msgstr ""
"Se pude usar filtrado de paquetes con cualquier paquete de firewall que se "
"enganche en el framework man:pfil[9]. El bridge se puede usar como un "
"perfilador de tráfico con man:altq[4] o man:dummynet[4]."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1940
#, no-wrap
msgid "Enabling the Bridge"
msgstr "Habilitando el Bridge"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1944
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, man:if_bridge[4] is a kernel module which is automatically "
"loaded by man:ifconfig[8] when creating a bridge interface.  It is also "
"possible to compile bridge support into a custom kernel by adding `device "
"if_bridge` to the custom kernel configuration file."
msgstr ""
"En FreeBSD, man:if_bridge[4] es un módulo del kernel que se carga "
"automáticamente cuando man:ifconfig[8] crea un interfaz bridge. También es "
"posible compilar soporte para bridge en un kernel personalizado añadiendo "
"`device if_bridge` al fichero de configuración del kernel personalizado."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1947
msgid ""
"The bridge is created using interface cloning.  To create the bridge "
"interface:"
msgstr ""
"El bridge se crea clonando una interfaz. Para crear la interfaz bridge:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1958
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig bridge create\n"
"bridge0\n"
"# ifconfig bridge0\n"
"bridge0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        ether 96:3d:4b:f1:79:7a\n"
"        id 00:00:00:00:00:00 priority 32768 hellotime 2 fwddelay 15\n"
"        maxage 20 holdcnt 6 proto rstp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200\n"
"        root id 00:00:00:00:00:00 priority 0 ifcost 0 port 0\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig bridge create\n"
"bridge0\n"
"# ifconfig bridge0\n"
"bridge0: flags=8802<BROADCAST,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        ether 96:3d:4b:f1:79:7a\n"
"        id 00:00:00:00:00:00 priority 32768 hellotime 2 fwddelay 15\n"
"        maxage 20 holdcnt 6 proto rstp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200\n"
"        root id 00:00:00:00:00:00 priority 0 ifcost 0 port 0\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1963
msgid ""
"When a bridge interface is created, it is automatically assigned a randomly "
"generated Ethernet address.  The `maxaddr` and `timeout` parameters control "
"how many MAC addresses the bridge will keep in its forwarding table and how "
"many seconds before each entry is removed after it is last seen.  The other "
"parameters control how STP operates."
msgstr ""
"Cuando se crea una interfaz bridge, se le asigna automáticamente una "
"dirección Ethernet generada de forma aleatoria. Los parámetros `maxaddr` y "
"`timeout` controlan cuántas direcciones MAC puede mantener el bridge en su "
"tabla de reenvío y cuántos segundos deben pasar para eliminarla desde la "
"última vez que han sido vistas. Los otros parámetros controlan cómo opera "
"STP."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1966
msgid ""
"Next, specify which network interfaces to add as members of the bridge.  For "
"the bridge to forward packets, all member interfaces and the bridge need to "
"be up:"
msgstr ""
"Después, especifica qué interfaces de red añadir como miembros del bridge. "
"Para que el bridge sea capaz de reenviar paquetes, todas las interfaces y el "
"bridge necesitan estar levantadas:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1972
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig bridge0 addm fxp0 addm fxp1 up\n"
"# ifconfig fxp0 up\n"
"# ifconfig fxp1 up\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig bridge0 addm fxp0 addm fxp1 up\n"
"# ifconfig fxp0 up\n"
"# ifconfig fxp1 up\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1976
msgid ""
"The bridge can now forward Ethernet frames between [.filename]#fxp0# and [."
"filename]#fxp1#.  Add the following lines to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# so "
"the bridge is created at startup:"
msgstr ""
"El puente ahora puede reenviar tramas Ethernet entre [.filename]#fxp0# y [."
"filename]#fxp1#. Añade las siguientes líneas a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# de "
"forma que el bridge se cree al arrancar:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1983
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0\"\n"
"ifconfig_bridge0=\"addm fxp0 addm fxp1 up\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp1=\"up\"\n"
msgstr ""
"cloned_interfaces=\"bridge0\"\n"
"ifconfig_bridge0=\"addm fxp0 addm fxp1 up\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp1=\"up\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1988
msgid ""
"If the bridge host needs an IP address, set it on the bridge interface, not "
"on the member interfaces.  The address can be set statically or via DHCP.  "
"This example sets a static IP address:"
msgstr ""
"Si la máquina bridge necesita una dirección IP, establécela en la interfaz "
"del bridge, no en las interfaces que son miembro. La dirección puede "
"establecerse estáticamente o vía DHCP. Este ejemplo establece una dirección "
"IP estática:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1992
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 inet 192.168.0.1/24\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig bridge0 inet 192.168.0.1/24\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:1996
msgid ""
"It is also possible to assign an IPv6 address to a bridge interface.  To "
"make the changes permanent, add the addressing information to [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.conf#."
msgstr ""
"También es posible establecer una dirección IPv6 al interfaz del bridge. "
"Para hacer los cambios permanentes, añade la información de la dirección a [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf#."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2002
msgid ""
"When packet filtering is enabled, bridged packets will pass through the "
"filter inbound on the originating interface on the bridge interface, and "
"outbound on the appropriate interfaces.  Either stage can be disabled.  When "
"direction of the packet flow is important, it is best to firewall on the "
"member interfaces rather than the bridge itself."
msgstr ""
"Cuando el filtrado de paquetes está habilitado, los paquetes que van por el "
"bridge pasarán a través del filtro de entrada en la interfaz de origen en el "
"interfaz del bridge, y de salida en las interfaces apropiadas. Cualquiera de "
"las dos fases puede deshabilitarse. Cuando la dirección de un paquete es "
"importante, es mejor aplicar el firewall en las interfaces que forman el "
"bridge que en el bridge en sí mismo."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2005
msgid ""
"The bridge has several configurable settings for passing non-IP and IP "
"packets, and layer2 firewalling with man:ipfw[8].  See man:if_bridge[4] for "
"more information."
msgstr ""
"El bridge tiene varios valores configurables para pasar paquetes IP y no IP, "
"y firewall the capa 2 con man:ipfw[8]. Consulta man:if_bridge[4] para más "
"información."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2007
#, no-wrap
msgid "Enabling Spanning Tree"
msgstr "Activando Spanning Tree"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2012
msgid ""
"For an Ethernet network to function properly, only one active path can exist "
"between two devices.  The STP protocol detects loops and puts redundant "
"links into a blocked state.  Should one of the active links fail, STP "
"calculates a different tree and enables one of the blocked paths to restore "
"connectivity to all points in the network."
msgstr ""
"Para que una red Ethernet funcione adecuadamente, sólo debe existir un "
"camino activo entre dos dispositivos. El protocolo STP detecta bucles y pone "
"enlaces redundantes en un estado bloqueado. Si uno de los enlaces activos "
"fallara, STP calcula un árbol diferente y activa uno de los caminos "
"bloqueados para restaurar la conectividad a todos los puntos de la red."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2016
msgid ""
"The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP or 802.1w) provides backwards "
"compatibility with legacy STP.  RSTP provides faster convergence and "
"exchanges information with neighboring switches to quickly transition to "
"forwarding mode without creating loops.  FreeBSD supports RSTP and STP as "
"operating modes, with RSTP being the default mode."
msgstr ""
"El protocolo Rapid Spanning Tree (RSTP o 802.1w) proporciona compatibilidad "
"hacia atrás con el STP antiguo. RSTP proporciona una convergencia más rápida "
"e intercambia información con switches vecinos para transicionar rápidamente "
"a modo reenvío sin crear bycles. FreeBSD soporta como modos de operación "
"RSTP y STP, siendo RSTP el modo por defecto."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2019
msgid ""
"STP can be enabled on member interfaces using man:ifconfig[8].  For a bridge "
"with [.filename]#fxp0# and [.filename]#fxp1# as the current interfaces, "
"enable STP with:"
msgstr ""
"Se puede activar STP en las interfaces miembro usando man:ifconfig[8]. Para "
"un bridge con [.filename]#fxp0# y [.filename]#fxp1# como interfaces "
"actuales, activa STP con:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2034
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig bridge0 stp fxp0 stp fxp1\n"
"bridge0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        ether d6:cf:d5:a0:94:6d\n"
"        id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 hellotime 2 fwddelay 15\n"
"        maxage 20 holdcnt 6 proto rstp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200\n"
"        root id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 ifcost 0 port 0\n"
"        member: fxp0 flags=1c7<LEARNING,DISCOVER,STP,AUTOEDGE,PTP,AUTOPTP>\n"
"                port 3 priority 128 path cost 200000 proto rstp\n"
"                role designated state forwarding\n"
"        member: fxp1 flags=1c7<LEARNING,DISCOVER,STP,AUTOEDGE,PTP,AUTOPTP>\n"
"                port 4 priority 128 path cost 200000 proto rstp\n"
"                role designated state forwarding\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig bridge0 stp fxp0 stp fxp1\n"
"bridge0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        ether d6:cf:d5:a0:94:6d\n"
"        id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 hellotime 2 fwddelay 15\n"
"        maxage 20 holdcnt 6 proto rstp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200\n"
"        root id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 ifcost 0 port 0\n"
"        member: fxp0 flags=1c7<LEARNING,DISCOVER,STP,AUTOEDGE,PTP,AUTOPTP>\n"
"                port 3 priority 128 path cost 200000 proto rstp\n"
"                role designated state forwarding\n"
"        member: fxp1 flags=1c7<LEARNING,DISCOVER,STP,AUTOEDGE,PTP,AUTOPTP>\n"
"                port 4 priority 128 path cost 200000 proto rstp\n"
"                role designated state forwarding\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2038
msgid ""
"This bridge has a spanning tree ID of `00:01:02:4b:d4:50` and a priority of "
"`32768`.  As the `root id` is the same, it indicates that this is the root "
"bridge for the tree."
msgstr ""
"Este bridge tiene un spanning tree con un ID de `00:01:02:4b:d4:50` y una "
"prioridad de `32768`. Como el `root id` es el mismo, eso indica que es el "
"bridge raíz del árbol."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2040
msgid "Another bridge on the network also has STP enabled:"
msgstr "Otro bridge en la red tiene STP activado:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2054
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"bridge0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        ether 96:3d:4b:f1:79:7a\n"
"        id 00:13:d4:9a:06:7a priority 32768 hellotime 2 fwddelay 15\n"
"        maxage 20 holdcnt 6 proto rstp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200\n"
"        root id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 ifcost 400000 port 4\n"
"        member: fxp0 flags=1c7<LEARNING,DISCOVER,STP,AUTOEDGE,PTP,AUTOPTP>\n"
"                port 4 priority 128 path cost 200000 proto rstp\n"
"                role root state forwarding\n"
"        member: fxp1 flags=1c7<LEARNING,DISCOVER,STP,AUTOEDGE,PTP,AUTOPTP>\n"
"                port 5 priority 128 path cost 200000 proto rstp\n"
"                role designated state forwarding\n"
msgstr ""
"bridge0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        ether 96:3d:4b:f1:79:7a\n"
"        id 00:13:d4:9a:06:7a priority 32768 hellotime 2 fwddelay 15\n"
"        maxage 20 holdcnt 6 proto rstp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200\n"
"        root id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 ifcost 400000 port 4\n"
"        member: fxp0 flags=1c7<LEARNING,DISCOVER,STP,AUTOEDGE,PTP,AUTOPTP>\n"
"                port 4 priority 128 path cost 200000 proto rstp\n"
"                role root state forwarding\n"
"        member: fxp1 flags=1c7<LEARNING,DISCOVER,STP,AUTOEDGE,PTP,AUTOPTP>\n"
"                port 5 priority 128 path cost 200000 proto rstp\n"
"                role designated state forwarding\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2058
msgid ""
"The line `root id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 ifcost 400000 port 4` "
"shows that the root bridge is `00:01:02:4b:d4:50` and has a path cost of "
"`400000` from this bridge.  The path to the root bridge is via `port 4` "
"which is [.filename]#fxp0#."
msgstr ""
"La línea `root id 00:01:02:4b:d4:50 priority 32768 ifcost 400000 port 4` "
"muestra que el bridge raíz es `00:01:02:4b:d4:50` y que tiene un camino con "
"coste `400000` desde este bridge. La ruta al brige raíz es vía `port 4` que "
"es [.filename]#fxp0#."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2059
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bridge Interface Parameters"
msgstr "Parámetros de la Interfaz del Bridge"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2064
msgid ""
"Several `ifconfig` parameters are unique to bridge interfaces.  This section "
"summarizes some common uses for these parameters.  The complete list of "
"available parameters is described in man:ifconfig[8]."
msgstr ""
"Varios parámetros de `ifconfig` son únicos de las interfaces del bridge. "
"Esta sección resume algunos casos comunes para estos parámetros. man:"
"ifconfig[8] describe la lista completa de parámetros disponibles."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2065
#, no-wrap
msgid "private"
msgstr "private"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2069
msgid ""
"A private interface does not forward any traffic to any other port that is "
"also designated as a private interface.  The traffic is blocked "
"unconditionally so no Ethernet frames will be forwarded, including ARP "
"packets.  If traffic needs to be selectively blocked, a firewall should be "
"used instead."
msgstr ""
"Una interfaz privada no reenvía nada de tráfico a otro puerto que no esté "
"designado como una interfaz privada. El tráfico se bloquea "
"incondicionalmente de forma que las tramas Ethernet no serán reenviadas, "
"incluyendo los paquetes ARP. Si se necesita bloquear el tráfico de forma "
"selectiva, se tiene que usar un firewall."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2070
#, no-wrap
msgid "span"
msgstr "span"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2075
msgid ""
"A span port transmits a copy of every Ethernet frame received by the "
"bridge.  The number of span ports configured on a bridge is unlimited, but "
"if an interface is designated as a span port, it cannot also be used as a "
"regular bridge port.  This is most useful for snooping a bridged network "
"passively on another host connected to one of the span ports of the bridge.  "
"For example, to send a copy of all frames out the interface named [."
"filename]#fxp4#:"
msgstr ""
"Un puerto span transmite una copia de cada trama Ethernet recibida en el "
"bridge. El número de puertos span configurados en el bridge es ilimitado, "
"pero si una interfaz es designada como un puerto span, no puede ser usada "
"también como un puerto regular en el bridge. Esto es muy útil para husmear "
"en una red con bridge de forma pasiva en otro host conectado a uno de los "
"puertos span del bridge. Por ejemplo, para enviar una copia de todas las "
"tramas obtenidas de la interfaz [.filename]#fxp4#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2079
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 span fxp4\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig bridge0 span fxp4\n"

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2081
#, no-wrap
msgid "sticky"
msgstr "sticky"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2086
msgid ""
"If a bridge member interface is marked as sticky, dynamically learned "
"address entries are treated as static entries in the forwarding cache.  "
"Sticky entries are never aged out of the cache or replaced, even if the "
"address is seen on a different interface.  This gives the benefit of static "
"address entries without the need to pre-populate the forwarding table.  "
"Clients learned on a particular segment of the bridge cannot roam to another "
"segment."
msgstr ""
"Si una interfaz del bridge es marcada como sticky, las entradas de "
"direcciones aprendidas dinámicamente se tratan como entradas estáticas en la "
"caché de reenvío. Las entradas sticky no envejecen nunca en la caché ni son "
"reemplazadas, incluso si la dirección es vista en otra interfaz. Esto ofrece "
"el beneficio de las entradas de direcciones estáticas sin la necesidad de "
"poblar la tabla de reenvío con antelación. Los clientes que se han aprendido "
"de un segmento del bridge en particular no pueden moverse a otro segmento."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2089
msgid ""
"An example of using sticky addresses is to combine the bridge with VLANs in "
"order to isolate customer networks without wasting IP address space.  "
"Consider that `CustomerA` is on `vlan100`, `CustomerB` is on `vlan101`, and "
"the bridge has the address `192.168.0.1`:"
msgstr ""
"Un ejemplo de uso de direcciones sticky es combinar el bridge con VLANs para "
"aislar redes cliente sin gastar espacio de direcciones IP. Considera que "
"`CustomerA` está en `vlan100`, `CustomerB` está en `vlan101`, y el bridge "
"tiene la dirección `192.168.0.1`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2094
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig bridge0 addm vlan100 sticky vlan100 addm vlan101 sticky vlan101\n"
"# ifconfig bridge0 inet 192.168.0.1/24\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig bridge0 addm vlan100 sticky vlan100 addm vlan101 sticky vlan101\n"
"# ifconfig bridge0 inet 192.168.0.1/24\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2098
msgid ""
"In this example, both clients see `192.168.0.1` as their default gateway.  "
"Since the bridge cache is sticky, one host cannot spoof the MAC address of "
"the other customer in order to intercept their traffic."
msgstr ""
"En este ejemplo, ambos clientes ven `192.168.0.1` como su gateway por "
"defecto. Puesto que la caché del bridge es sticky, un host no puede falsear "
"la dirección MAC de otro cliente para interceptar su tráfico."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2100
msgid ""
"Any communication between the VLANs can be blocked using a firewall or, as "
"seen in this example, private interfaces:"
msgstr ""
"Cualquier comunicación entre las VLANs se puede bloquear utilizando un "
"firewall o, como se ve en este ejemplo, usando interfaces privadas:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2104
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 private vlan100 private vlan101\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig bridge0 private vlan100 private vlan101\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2107
msgid ""
"The customers are completely isolated from each other and the full `/24` "
"address range can be allocated without subnetting."
msgstr ""
"Los clientes están completamente aislados entre sí y el rango de direcciones "
"completo `/24` se puede reservar sin necesidad de crear subredes."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2110
msgid ""
"The number of unique source MAC addresses behind an interface can be "
"limited.  Once the limit is reached, packets with unknown source addresses "
"are dropped until an existing host cache entry expires or is removed."
msgstr ""
"Se puede limitar el número direcciones MAC fuente únicas detrás de una "
"interfaz. Una vez que se alcance el límite, los paquetes que tengan una "
"dirección de origen desconocida serán descartados hasta que una entrada "
"existente de caché en el host que expire o que sea eliminada."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2112
msgid ""
"The following example sets the maximum number of Ethernet devices for "
"`CustomerA` on `vlan100` to 10:"
msgstr ""
"El siguiente ejemplo establece el número máximo de dispositivos Ethernet a "
"10 para `CustomerA` en `vlan100`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2116
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig bridge0 ifmaxaddr vlan100 10\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig bridge0 ifmaxaddr vlan100 10\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2122
msgid ""
"Bridge interfaces also support monitor mode, where the packets are discarded "
"after man:bpf[4] processing and are not processed or forwarded further.  "
"This can be used to multiplex the input of two or more interfaces into a "
"single man:bpf[4] stream.  This is useful for reconstructing the traffic for "
"network taps that transmit the RX/TX signals out through two separate "
"interfaces.  For example, to read the input from four network interfaces as "
"one stream:"
msgstr ""
"Las interfaces del bridge también soportan modo monitor, donde los paquetes "
"son descartados después de haber sido procesados por man:bpf[4] y no se "
"procesan más ni se reenvían. Esto se puede usar para multiplexar la entrada "
"de dos o más interfaces en un único flujo man:bpf[4]. Esto es útil para "
"reconstruir el tráfico de redes que transmiten las señales RX/TX hacia fuera "
"usando dos interfaces separadas. Por ejemplo, para leer la entrada desde "
"cuatro interfaces de red como un único flujo:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2127
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig bridge0 addm fxp0 addm fxp1 addm fxp2 addm fxp3 monitor up\n"
"# tcpdump -i bridge0\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig bridge0 addm fxp0 addm fxp1 addm fxp2 addm fxp3 monitor up\n"
"# tcpdump -i bridge0\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2129
#, no-wrap
msgid "SNMP Monitoring"
msgstr "Monitorización SNMP"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2133
msgid ""
"The bridge interface and STP parameters can be monitored via man:bsnmpd[1] "
"which is included in the FreeBSD base system.  The exported bridge MIBs "
"conform to IETF standards so any SNMP client or monitoring package can be "
"used to retrieve the data."
msgstr ""
"El interfaz bridge y los parámetros STP se pueden monitorizar con man:"
"bsnmpd[1] que se incluye con el sistema base FreeBSD. Las MIBs del bridge "
"exportadas siguen el estándar IETF de forma que se puede usar cualquier "
"cliente SNMP o paquete de monitorización para recuperar los datos."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2135
msgid ""
"To enable monitoring on the bridge, uncomment this line in [.filename]#/etc/"
"snmpd.config# by removing the beginning `+#+` symbol:"
msgstr ""
"Para habilitar la monitorización en el bridge, descomenta esta línea en [."
"filename]#/etc/snmpd.config# eliminando el símbolo `+#+` al comienzo:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2139
#, no-wrap
msgid "begemotSnmpdModulePath.\"bridge\" = \"/usr/lib/snmp_bridge.so\"\n"
msgstr "begemotSnmpdModulePath.\"bridge\" = \"/usr/lib/snmp_bridge.so\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2144
msgid ""
"Other configuration settings, such as community names and access lists, may "
"need to be modified in this file.  See man:bsnmpd[1] and man:snmp_bridge[3] "
"for more information.  Once these edits are saved, add this line to [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Podría ser necesario modificar en este fichero otros valores de "
"configuración, como los nombres de la comunidad y listas de acceso. "
"Consulta  man:bsnmpd[1] y man:snmp_bridge[3]. Una vez guardados los cambios, "
"añade esta línea a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2148
#, no-wrap
msgid "bsnmpd_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "bsnmpd_enable=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2151
msgid "Then, start man:bsnmpd[1]:"
msgstr "Después, arranca man:bsnmpd[1]:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2155
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service bsnmpd start\n"
msgstr "# service bsnmpd start\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2160
msgid ""
"The following examples use the Net-SNMP software (package:net-mgmt/net-"
"snmp[]) to query a bridge from a client system.  The package:net-mgmt/"
"bsnmptools[] port can also be used.  From the SNMP client which is running "
"Net-SNMP, add the following lines to [.filename]#$HOME/.snmp/snmp.conf# in "
"order to import the bridge MIB definitions:"
msgstr ""
"Los siguientes ejemplos usan el software Net-SNMP (package:net-mgmt/net-"
"snmp[]) para consultar un bridge desde un sistema cliente. También se puede "
"usar el port package:net-mgmt/bsnmptools[]. Desde el cliente SNMP que está "
"ejecutando Net-SNMP, añade las siguientes líneas a [.filename]#$HOME/.snmp/"
"snmp.conf# para importar las definiciones MIB del bridge:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2165
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mibdirs +/usr/share/snmp/mibs\n"
"mibs +BRIDGE-MIB:RSTP-MIB:BEGEMOT-MIB:BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB\n"
msgstr ""
"mibdirs +/usr/share/snmp/mibs\n"
"mibs +BRIDGE-MIB:RSTP-MIB:BEGEMOT-MIB:BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2168
msgid "To monitor a single bridge using the IETF BRIDGE-MIB (RFC4188):"
msgstr "Para monitorizar un sólo bridge usando IETF BRIDGE-MIB (RFC4188):"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2187
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% snmpwalk -v 2c -c public bridge1.example.com mib-2.dot1dBridge\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dBaseBridgeAddress.0 = STRING: 66:fb:9b:6e:5c:44\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dBaseNumPorts.0 = INTEGER: 1 ports\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpTimeSinceTopologyChange.0 = Timeticks: (189959) 0:31:39.59 centi-seconds\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpTopChanges.0 = Counter32: 2\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpDesignatedRoot.0 = Hex-STRING: 80 00 00 01 02 4B D4 50\n"
"...\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortState.3 = INTEGER: forwarding(5)\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortEnable.3 = INTEGER: enabled(1)\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortPathCost.3 = INTEGER: 200000\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortDesignatedRoot.3 = Hex-STRING: 80 00 00 01 02 4B D4 50\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortDesignatedCost.3 = INTEGER: 0\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortDesignatedBridge.3 = Hex-STRING: 80 00 00 01 02 4B D4 50\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortDesignatedPort.3 = Hex-STRING: 03 80\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortForwardTransitions.3 = Counter32: 1\n"
"RSTP-MIB::dot1dStpVersion.0 = INTEGER: rstp(2)\n"
msgstr ""
"% snmpwalk -v 2c -c public bridge1.example.com mib-2.dot1dBridge\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dBaseBridgeAddress.0 = STRING: 66:fb:9b:6e:5c:44\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dBaseNumPorts.0 = INTEGER: 1 ports\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpTimeSinceTopologyChange.0 = Timeticks: (189959) 0:31:39.59 centi-seconds\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpTopChanges.0 = Counter32: 2\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpDesignatedRoot.0 = Hex-STRING: 80 00 00 01 02 4B D4 50\n"
"...\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortState.3 = INTEGER: forwarding(5)\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortEnable.3 = INTEGER: enabled(1)\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortPathCost.3 = INTEGER: 200000\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortDesignatedRoot.3 = Hex-STRING: 80 00 00 01 02 4B D4 50\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortDesignatedCost.3 = INTEGER: 0\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortDesignatedBridge.3 = Hex-STRING: 80 00 00 01 02 4B D4 50\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortDesignatedPort.3 = Hex-STRING: 03 80\n"
"BRIDGE-MIB::dot1dStpPortForwardTransitions.3 = Counter32: 1\n"
"RSTP-MIB::dot1dStpVersion.0 = INTEGER: rstp(2)\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2192
msgid ""
"The `dot1dStpTopChanges.0` value is two, indicating that the STP bridge "
"topology has changed twice.  A topology change means that one or more links "
"in the network have changed or failed and a new tree has been calculated.  "
"The `dot1dStpTimeSinceTopologyChange.0` value will show when this happened."
msgstr ""
"El valor `dot1dStpTopChanges.0` es dos, lo que indica que la topología STP "
"ha cambiado dos veces. Un cambio de topología significa que uno o más "
"enlaces en la red han cambiado o fallado y se ha tenido que calcular un "
"nuevo árbol. El valor `dot1dStpTimeSinceTopologyChange.0` mostrará cuándo "
"sucede esto."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2194
msgid ""
"To monitor multiple bridge interfaces, the private BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB can be "
"used:"
msgstr ""
"Para monitorizar múltiples interfaces del bridge, se puede usar el BEGEMOT-"
"BRIDGE-MIB privado:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2212
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% snmpwalk -v 2c -c public bridge1.example.com\n"
"enterprises.fokus.begemot.begemotBridge\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseName.\"bridge0\" = STRING: bridge0\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseName.\"bridge2\" = STRING: bridge2\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseAddress.\"bridge0\" = STRING: e:ce:3b:5a:9e:13\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseAddress.\"bridge2\" = STRING: 12:5e:4d:74:d:fc\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseNumPorts.\"bridge0\" = INTEGER: 1\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseNumPorts.\"bridge2\" = INTEGER: 1\n"
"...\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpTimeSinceTopologyChange.\"bridge0\" = Timeticks: (116927) 0:19:29.27 centi-seconds\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpTimeSinceTopologyChange.\"bridge2\" = Timeticks: (82773) 0:13:47.73 centi-seconds\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpTopChanges.\"bridge0\" = Counter32: 1\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpTopChanges.\"bridge2\" = Counter32: 1\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpDesignatedRoot.\"bridge0\" = Hex-STRING: 80 00 00 40 95 30 5E 31\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpDesignatedRoot.\"bridge2\" = Hex-STRING: 80 00 00 50 8B B8 C6 A9\n"
msgstr ""
"% snmpwalk -v 2c -c public bridge1.example.com\n"
"enterprises.fokus.begemot.begemotBridge\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseName.\"bridge0\" = STRING: bridge0\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseName.\"bridge2\" = STRING: bridge2\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseAddress.\"bridge0\" = STRING: e:ce:3b:5a:9e:13\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseAddress.\"bridge2\" = STRING: 12:5e:4d:74:d:fc\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseNumPorts.\"bridge0\" = INTEGER: 1\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeBaseNumPorts.\"bridge2\" = INTEGER: 1\n"
"...\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpTimeSinceTopologyChange.\"bridge0\" = Timeticks: (116927) 0:19:29.27 centi-seconds\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpTimeSinceTopologyChange.\"bridge2\" = Timeticks: (82773) 0:13:47.73 centi-seconds\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpTopChanges.\"bridge0\" = Counter32: 1\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpTopChanges.\"bridge2\" = Counter32: 1\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpDesignatedRoot.\"bridge0\" = Hex-STRING: 80 00 00 40 95 30 5E 31\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeStpDesignatedRoot.\"bridge2\" = Hex-STRING: 80 00 00 50 8B B8 C6 A9\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2215
msgid ""
"To change the bridge interface being monitored via the `mib-2.dot1dBridge` "
"subtree:"
msgstr ""
"Para cambiar la interfaz del bridge que está siendo monitorizada mediante el "
"subárbol `mib-2.dot1dBridge`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2220
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"% snmpset -v 2c -c private bridge1.example.com\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeDefaultBridgeIf.0 s bridge2\n"
msgstr ""
"% snmpset -v 2c -c private bridge1.example.com\n"
"BEGEMOT-BRIDGE-MIB::begemotBridgeDefaultBridgeIf.0 s bridge2\n"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2223
#, no-wrap
msgid "Link Aggregation and Failover"
msgstr "Agregación de Enlaces y Conmutación"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2228
msgid ""
"FreeBSD provides the man:lagg[4] interface which can be used to aggregate "
"multiple network interfaces into one virtual interface in order to provide "
"failover and link aggregation.  Failover allows traffic to continue to flow "
"as long as at least one aggregated network interface has an established "
"link.  Link aggregation works best on switches which support LACP, as this "
"protocol distributes traffic bi-directionally while responding to the "
"failure of individual links."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD proporciona la interfaz man:lagg[4] que se puede usar para agregar "
"múltiples interfaces de red en una interfaz virtual para proporcionar "
"tolerancia a fallos (\"failover\") y agregación de enlaces. El failover "
"permite que el tráfico continúe fluyendo mientras haya al menos una interfaz "
"de red que tenga establecido un enlace. La agregación de enlaces funciona "
"mejor en switches que soportan LACP, ya que este protocolo distribuye el "
"tráfico de forma bidireccional a la vez que responde al fallo de enlaces "
"individuales."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2231
msgid ""
"The aggregation protocols supported by the lagg interface determine which "
"ports are used for outgoing traffic and whether or not a specific port "
"accepts incoming traffic.  The following protocols are supported by man:"
"lagg[4]:"
msgstr ""
"Los protocolos de agregación soportados por el interfaz lagg determinan qué "
"puertos se usan para tráfico saliente y si un puerto específico acepta o no "
"tráfico de entrada. Los siguientes protocolos están soportados por man:"
"lagg[4]:"

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2232
#, no-wrap
msgid "failover"
msgstr "failover"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2237
msgid ""
"This mode sends and receives traffic only through the master port.  If the "
"master port becomes unavailable, the next active port is used.  The first "
"interface added to the virtual interface is the master port and all "
"subsequently added interfaces are used as failover devices.  If failover to "
"a non-master port occurs, the original port becomes master once it becomes "
"available again."
msgstr ""
"Este modo envía y recibe tráfico sólo a través del puerto maestro. Si el "
"puerto maestro no está disponible, se usa el siguiente puerto activo. La "
"primera interfaz añadida a la interfaz virtual es el puerto maestro y todas "
"las interfaces añadidas posteriormente se usan como dispositivos "
"redundantes. Si se produce un cambio a un puerto no maestro, el puerto "
"original se convierte en maestro una vez que esté disponible de nuevo."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2238
#, no-wrap
msgid "loadbalance"
msgstr "loadbalance"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2241
msgid ""
"This provides a static setup and does not negotiate aggregation with the "
"peer or exchange frames to monitor the link.  If the switch supports LACP, "
"that should be used instead."
msgstr ""
"Esto proporciona una configuración estática y no negocia agregación con los "
"pares o intercambia marcos para monitorizar el enlace. Si el switch soporta "
"LACP, se debería usar en su lugar."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2242
#, no-wrap
msgid "lacp"
msgstr "lacp"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2247
msgid ""
"The IEEE(R) 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) negotiates a "
"set of aggregable links with the peer into one or more Link Aggregated "
"Groups (LAGs).  Each LAG is composed of ports of the same speed, set to full-"
"duplex operation, and traffic is balanced across the ports in the LAG with "
"the greatest total speed.  Typically, there is only one LAG which contains "
"all the ports.  In the event of changes in physical connectivity, LACP will "
"quickly converge to a new configuration."
msgstr ""
"El protocolo IEEE(R) 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) "
"negocia un conjunto de enlaces agregables con el par en uno o más grupos "
"\"Link Aggregated Groups\" (LAGs). Cada LAG se compone de puertos con la "
"misma velocidad, conjunto de operaciones full-duplex, y el tráfico se "
"balancea entre los puertos en el LAG con la velocidad total mayor. "
"Típicamente, sólo hay un LAG que contiene todos los puertos. En el caso de "
"cambios en la conectividad física, LACP convergerá rápido a una nueva "
"configuración."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2250
msgid ""
"LACP balances outgoing traffic across the active ports based on hashed "
"protocol header information and accepts incoming traffic from any active "
"port.  The hash includes the Ethernet source and destination address and, if "
"available, the VLAN tag, and the IPv4 or IPv6 source and destination address."
msgstr ""
"LACP balancea el tráfico de salida a lo largo de los puestos activos "
"basándose en un hash de la cabecera de información del protocolo y acepta "
"tráfico de entrada de cualquier puerto activo. El hash incluye la fuente "
"Ehternet y la dirección de destino y, si está disponible, la etiqueta VLAN, "
"y las direcciones de fuente y destino IPv4 o IPv6."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2251
#, no-wrap
msgid "roundrobin"
msgstr "roundrobin"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2254
msgid ""
"This mode distributes outgoing traffic using a round-robin scheduler through "
"all active ports and accepts incoming traffic from any active port.  Since "
"this mode violates Ethernet frame ordering, it should be used with caution."
msgstr ""
"Este modo distribuye el tráfico de salida utilizando un planificador round-"
"robin entre todos los puertos activos y acepta tráfico de entrada desde "
"cualquier puerto activo. Puesto que esto viola el orden de las tramas "
"Ethernet, debería ser usado con precaución."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2255
#, no-wrap
msgid "broadcast"
msgstr "broadcast"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2257
msgid ""
"This mode sends outgoing traffic to all ports configured on the lagg "
"interface, and receives frames on any port."
msgstr ""
"Este modo envía tráfico de salida a todos los puertos configurados en la "
"interfaz lagg, y recibe tramas desde cualquier puerto."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2258
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuration Examples"
msgstr "Ejemplos de Configuración"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2262
msgid ""
"This section demonstrates how to configure a Cisco(R) switch and a FreeBSD "
"system for LACP load balancing.  It then shows how to configure two Ethernet "
"interfaces in failover mode as well as how to configure failover mode "
"between an Ethernet and a wireless interface."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección muestra cómo configurar un switch Cisco(R) y un sistema FreeBSD "
"para hacer balanceado de carga LACP. Después muestra cómo configurar dos "
"interfaces Ethernet en modo failover así como cómo configurar el modo "
"failover entre una interfaz Ethernet y otra inalámbrica."

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2264
#, no-wrap
msgid "LACP Aggregation with a Cisco(R) Switch"
msgstr "Agregación LACP con un Switch Cisco(R)"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2270
msgid ""
"This example connects two man:fxp[4] Ethernet interfaces on a FreeBSD "
"machine to the first two Ethernet ports on a Cisco(R) switch as a single "
"load balanced and fault tolerant link.  More interfaces can be added to "
"increase throughput and fault tolerance.  Replace the names of the Cisco(R) "
"ports, Ethernet devices, channel group number, and IP address shown in the "
"example to match the local configuration."
msgstr ""
"Este ejemplo conecta dos interfaces Ethernet man:fcp[4] en una máquina "
"FreeBSD con los dos primeros puertos Ethernet en un switch Cisco(R) como un "
"enlace único de balanceo de carga y tolerante a fallos. Se pueden añadir más "
"interfaces para incrementar la productividad y la tolerancia a fallos. "
"Reemplaza los nombres de los puertos Cisco(R), dispositivos Ethernet, número "
"de grupo del canal, y dirección IP como se muestra en el ejemplo para "
"adaptarlo a la configuración local."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2273
msgid ""
"Frame ordering is mandatory on Ethernet links and any traffic between two "
"stations always flows over the same physical link, limiting the maximum "
"speed to that of one interface.  The transmit algorithm attempts to use as "
"much information as it can to distinguish different traffic flows and "
"balance the flows across the available interfaces."
msgstr ""
"El orden de las tramas es obligatorio en los enlaces Ethernet y cualquier "
"tráfico entre dos estaciones siempre debe fluir por el mismo enlace físico, "
"limitando la velocidad máxima a aquella de un interfaz. El algoritmo de "
"transmisión intenta usar la mayor cantidad de información posible para "
"distinguir entre distintos flujos de tráfico y balancear los flujos entre "
"las interfaces disponibles."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2275
msgid ""
"On the Cisco(R) switch, add the _FastEthernet0/1_ and _FastEthernet0/2_ "
"interfaces to channel group _1_:"
msgstr ""
"En el switch Cisco(R), añade las interfaces _FastEthernet0/1_ y "
"_FastEthernet0/2_ al grupo del canal _1_:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2285
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"interface FastEthernet0/1\n"
" channel-group 1 mode active\n"
" channel-protocol lacp\n"
"!\n"
"interface FastEthernet0/2\n"
" channel-group 1 mode active\n"
" channel-protocol lacp\n"
msgstr ""
"interface FastEthernet0/1\n"
" channel-group 1 mode active\n"
" channel-protocol lacp\n"
"!\n"
"interface FastEthernet0/2\n"
" channel-group 1 mode active\n"
" channel-protocol lacp\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2288
msgid ""
"On the FreeBSD system, create the man:lagg[4] interface using the physical "
"interfaces _fxp0_ and _fxp1_ and bring the interfaces up with an IP address "
"of _10.0.0.3/24_:"
msgstr ""
"En el sistema FreeBSD, crea el interfaz man:lagg[4] usando las interfaces "
"físicas _fxp0_ y _fxp1_ y levanta las interfaces con la dirección IP "
"_10.0.0.3/24_:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2295
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig fxp0 up\n"
"# ifconfig fxp1 up\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 create\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 up laggproto lacp laggport fxp0 laggport fxp1 10.0.0.3/24\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig fxp0 up\n"
"# ifconfig fxp1 up\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 create\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 up laggproto lacp laggport fxp0 laggport fxp1 10.0.0.3/24\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2298
msgid "Next, verify the status of the virtual interface:"
msgstr "Después, verifica el estado de la interfaz virtual:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2311
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig lagg0\n"
"lagg0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        options=8<VLAN_MTU>\n"
"        ether 00:05:5d:71:8d:b8\n"
"        inet 10.0.0.3 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect\n"
"        status: active\n"
"        laggproto lacp\n"
"        laggport: fxp1 flags=1c<ACTIVE,COLLECTING,DISTRIBUTING>\n"
"        laggport: fxp0 flags=1c<ACTIVE,COLLECTING,DISTRIBUTING>\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig lagg0\n"
"lagg0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        options=8<VLAN_MTU>\n"
"        ether 00:05:5d:71:8d:b8\n"
"        inet 10.0.0.3 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect\n"
"        status: active\n"
"        laggproto lacp\n"
"        laggport: fxp1 flags=1c<ACTIVE,COLLECTING,DISTRIBUTING>\n"
"        laggport: fxp0 flags=1c<ACTIVE,COLLECTING,DISTRIBUTING>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2316
msgid ""
"Ports marked as `ACTIVE` are part of the LAG that has been negotiated with "
"the remote switch.  Traffic will be transmitted and received through these "
"active ports.  Add `-v` to the above command to view the LAG identifiers."
msgstr ""
"Los puertos marcados como `ACTIVE` forman parte del LAG que se ha negociado "
"con el switch remoto. El tráfico será transmitido y recibido a través de "
"estos puertos activos. Añade `-v` al comando de arriba para ver los "
"identificadores LAG."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2318
msgid "To see the port status on the Cisco(R) switch:"
msgstr "Para ver el estado del puerto en el switch Cisco(R):"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2325
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"switch# show lacp neighbor\n"
"Flags:  S - Device is requesting Slow LACPDUs\n"
"        F - Device is requesting Fast LACPDUs\n"
"        A - Device is in Active mode       P - Device is in Passive mode\n"
msgstr ""
"switch# show lacp neighbor\n"
"Flags:  S - Device is requesting Slow LACPDUs\n"
"        F - Device is requesting Fast LACPDUs\n"
"        A - Device is in Active mode       P - Device is in Passive mode\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2327
#, no-wrap
msgid "Channel group 1 neighbors\n"
msgstr "Channel group 1 neighbors\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2329
#, no-wrap
msgid "Partner's information:\n"
msgstr "Partner's information:\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2334
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"                  LACP port                        Oper    Port     Port\n"
"Port      Flags   Priority  Dev ID         Age     Key     Number   State\n"
"Fa0/1     SA      32768     0005.5d71.8db8  29s    0x146   0x3      0x3D\n"
"Fa0/2     SA      32768     0005.5d71.8db8  29s    0x146   0x4      0x3D\n"
msgstr ""
"                  LACP port                        Oper    Port     Port\n"
"Port      Flags   Priority  Dev ID         Age     Key     Number   State\n"
"Fa0/1     SA      32768     0005.5d71.8db8  29s    0x146   0x3      0x3D\n"
"Fa0/2     SA      32768     0005.5d71.8db8  29s    0x146   0x4      0x3D\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2337
msgid "For more detail, type `show lacp neighbor detail`."
msgstr "Para más detalles, teclea `show lacp neighbor detail`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2339
msgid ""
"To retain this configuration across reboots, add the following entries to [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf# on the FreeBSD system:"
msgstr ""
"Para mantener esta configuración entre reinicios, añade las siguientes "
"entradas en el fichero [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#del sistema FreeBSD:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2346
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp1=\"up\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"lagg0\"\n"
"ifconfig_lagg0=\"laggproto lacp laggport fxp0 laggport fxp1 10.0.0.3/24\"\n"
msgstr ""
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp1=\"up\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"lagg0\"\n"
"ifconfig_lagg0=\"laggproto lacp laggport fxp0 laggport fxp1 10.0.0.3/24\"\n"

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2351
#, no-wrap
msgid "Failover Mode"
msgstr "Modo Failover"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2358
msgid ""
"Failover mode can be used to switch over to a secondary interface if the "
"link is lost on the master interface.  To configure failover, make sure that "
"the underlying physical interfaces are up, then create the man:lagg[4] "
"interface.  In this example, _fxp0_ is the master interface, _fxp1_ is the "
"secondary interface, and the virtual interface is assigned an IP address of "
"_10.0.0.15/24_:"
msgstr ""
"El modo failover se puede usar para cambiar a un interfaz secundario si se "
"pierde el enlace en el interfaz maestro. Para configurar failover, asegúrate "
"de que las interfaces físicas están levantadas, después crea el interfaz man:"
"lagg[4]. En este ejemplo, _fxp0_ es la interfaz maestra, _fxp1_ es la "
"interfaz secundaria, y el interfaz virtual tiene asignada la dirección IP "
"_10.0.0.15/24_:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2365
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig fxp0 up\n"
"# ifconfig fxp1 up\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 create\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 up laggproto failover laggport fxp0 laggport fxp1 10.0.0.15/24\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig fxp0 up\n"
"# ifconfig fxp1 up\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 create\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 up laggproto failover laggport fxp0 laggport fxp1 10.0.0.15/24\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2368
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2469
msgid "The virtual interface should look something like this:"
msgstr "La interfaz virtual debería tener un aspecto parecido a este:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2381
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig lagg0\n"
"lagg0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        options=8<VLAN_MTU>\n"
"        ether 00:05:5d:71:8d:b8\n"
"        inet 10.0.0.15 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect\n"
"        status: active\n"
"        laggproto failover\n"
"        laggport: fxp1 flags=0<>\n"
"        laggport: fxp0 flags=5<MASTER,ACTIVE>\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig lagg0\n"
"lagg0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        options=8<VLAN_MTU>\n"
"        ether 00:05:5d:71:8d:b8\n"
"        inet 10.0.0.15 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect\n"
"        status: active\n"
"        laggproto failover\n"
"        laggport: fxp1 flags=0<>\n"
"        laggport: fxp0 flags=5<MASTER,ACTIVE>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2386
msgid ""
"Traffic will be transmitted and received on _fxp0_.  If the link is lost on "
"_fxp0_, _fxp1_ will become the active link.  If the link is restored on the "
"master interface, it will once again become the active link."
msgstr ""
"El tráfico será transmitido y recibido en _fxp0_. Si se pierde el enlace en "
"_fxp0_, _fxp1_ se convertirá en el enlace activo. Si se restaura el enlace "
"en la interfaz maestra, se convertirá de nuevo en el enlace activo."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2388
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2492
msgid ""
"To retain this configuration across reboots, add the following entries to [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Para mantener esta configuración entre reinicios, añade las siguientes "
"entradas en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2395
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp1=\"up\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"lagg0\"\n"
"ifconfig_lagg0=\"laggproto failover laggport fxp0 laggport fxp1 10.0.0.15/24\"\n"
msgstr ""
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"up\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp1=\"up\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"lagg0\"\n"
"ifconfig_lagg0=\"laggproto failover laggport fxp0 laggport fxp1 10.0.0.15/24\"\n"

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2400
#, no-wrap
msgid "Failover Mode Between Ethernet and Wireless Interfaces"
msgstr "Modo Failover Entre Interfaces Ethernet y Wireless"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2406
msgid ""
"For laptop users, it is usually desirable to configure the wireless device "
"as a secondary which is only used when the Ethernet connection is not "
"available.  With man:lagg[4], it is possible to configure a failover which "
"prefers the Ethernet connection for both performance and security reasons, "
"while maintaining the ability to transfer data over the wireless connection."
msgstr ""
"Para los usuarios de portátiles, normalmente es deseable configurar el "
"dispositivo inalámbrico como un secundario que sólo usa cuando la conexión "
"Ethernet no está disponible. Con man:lagg[4], es posible configurar un "
"failover que prefiera la conexión Ethernet tanto por rendimiento como por "
"razones de seguridad, mientras que se mantiene la posibilidad de transferir "
"datos por la conexión inalámbrica."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2408
msgid ""
"This is achieved by overriding the Ethernet interface's MAC address with "
"that of the wireless interface."
msgstr ""
"Esto se consigue sobrescribiendo la dirección MAC del interfaz Ethernet con "
"el de la interfaz inalámbrica."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2414
msgid ""
"In theory, either the Ethernet or wireless MAC address can be changed to "
"match the other.  However, some popular wireless interfaces lack support for "
"overriding the MAC address.  We therefore recommend overriding the Ethernet "
"MAC address for this purpose."
msgstr ""
"En teoría, cualquiera de las dos direcciones MAC (Ethernet o inalámbrica) se "
"puede cambiar para igualarse a la otra. Sin embargo, algunas interfaces "
"inalámbricas populares carecen del soporte para sobrescribir la dirección "
"MAX. Por lo tanto para este propósito recomendamos sobrescribir la dirección "
"MAC Ethernet."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2421
msgid ""
"If the driver for the wireless interface is not loaded in the `GENERIC` or "
"custom kernel, and the computer is running FreeBSD {rel121-current}, load "
"the corresponding [.filename]#.ko# in [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf# by "
"adding `*driver_load=\"YES\"*` to that file and rebooting.  Another, better "
"way is to load the driver in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# by adding it to "
"`kld_list` (see man:rc.conf[5] for details) in that file and rebooting.  "
"This is needed because otherwise the driver is not loaded yet at the time "
"the man:lagg[4] interface is set up."
msgstr ""
"Si el controlador para el interfaz inalámbrico no está cargado en el kernel "
"`GENERIC` o en el personalizado, y el ordenador está ejecutando "
"FreeBSD{rel121-current}, carga el [.filename]#.ko# correspondiente en [."
"filename]#/boot/loader.conf# añadiendo `*driver_load=\"YES\"*` a ese fichero "
"y después reiniciando. Otra forma mejor es cargar el driver en [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.conf# añadiéndolo a `kld_list` (consulta man:rc.conf[5] para los "
"detalles) en ese fichero y reiniciando. Esto es necesario porque de otra "
"forma el controlador no está todavía cargado en el momento en el que se "
"configura el interfaz man:lagg[4]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2427
msgid ""
"In this example, the Ethernet interface, _re0_, is the master and the "
"wireless interface, _wlan0_, is the failover.  The _wlan0_ interface was "
"created from the _ath0_ physical wireless interface, and the Ethernet "
"interface will be configured with the MAC address of the wireless "
"interface.  First, bring the wireless interface up (replacing _FR_ with your "
"own 2-letter country code), but do not set an IP address.  Replace _wlan0_ "
"to match the system's wireless interface name:"
msgstr ""
"En este ejemplo, el interfaz Ethernet, _re0_, es el maestro y el interfaz "
"inalámbrico, _wlan0_, es el recambio. El interfaz _wlan0_ ha sido creado a "
"partir del interfaz inalámbrico físico _ath0_, y el interfaz Ethernet se "
"configurará con la dirección MAC del interfaz inalámbrico. Primero, levanta "
"el interfaz inalámbrico (reemplaza _FR_ con tu código de país de dos "
"letras), pero no establezcas una dirección IP. Reemplaza _wlan0_ con el "
"nombre del interfaz inalámbrico del sistema:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2431
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 country FR ssid my_router up\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 country FR ssid my_router up\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2434
msgid "Now you can determine the MAC address of the wireless interface:"
msgstr "Ahora puedes saber la dirección MAC del interfaz inalámbrico:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2449
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\tether b8:ee:65:5b:32:59\n"
"\tgroups: wlan\n"
"\tssid Bbox-A3BD2403 channel 6 (2437 MHz 11g ht/20) bssid 00:37:b7:56:4b:60\n"
"\tregdomain ETSI country FR indoor ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON\n"
"\tdeftxkey UNDEF AES-CCM 2:128-bit txpower 30 bmiss 7 scanvalid 60\n"
"\tprotmode CTS ampdulimit 64k ampdudensity 8 shortgi -stbctx stbcrx\n"
"\t-ldpc wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"
"\tmedia: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet MCS mode 11ng\n"
"\tstatus: associated\n"
"\tnd6 options=29<PERFORMNUD,IFDISABLED,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig wlan0\n"
"wlan0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"\tether b8:ee:65:5b:32:59\n"
"\tgroups: wlan\n"
"\tssid Bbox-A3BD2403 channel 6 (2437 MHz 11g ht/20) bssid 00:37:b7:56:4b:60\n"
"\tregdomain ETSI country FR indoor ecm authmode WPA2/802.11i privacy ON\n"
"\tdeftxkey UNDEF AES-CCM 2:128-bit txpower 30 bmiss 7 scanvalid 60\n"
"\tprotmode CTS ampdulimit 64k ampdudensity 8 shortgi -stbctx stbcrx\n"
"\t-ldpc wme burst roaming MANUAL\n"
"\tmedia: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet MCS mode 11ng\n"
"\tstatus: associated\n"
"\tnd6 options=29<PERFORMNUD,IFDISABLED,AUTO_LINKLOCAL>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2453
msgid ""
"The `ether` line will contain the MAC address of the specified interface.  "
"Now, change the MAC address of the Ethernet interface to match:"
msgstr ""
"La línea `ether` contendrá la dirección MAC del interfaz especificado. "
"Ahora, cambia la dirección MAC del interfaz Ethernet para que concuerde:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2457
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig re0 ether b8:ee:65:5b:32:59\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig re0 ether b8:ee:65:5b:32:59\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2460
msgid ""
"Make sure the _re0_ interface is up, then create the man:lagg[4] interface "
"with _re0_ as master with failover to _wlan0_:"
msgstr ""
"Asegúrate de que el interfaz _re0_ está levantado, luego crea el interfaz "
"man:lagg[4] con _re0_ como maestro con _wlan0_ como recambio:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2466
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig re0 up\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 create\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 up laggproto failover laggport re0 laggport wlan0\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig re0 up\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 create\n"
"# ifconfig lagg0 up laggproto failover laggport re0 laggport wlan0\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2482
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ifconfig lagg0\n"
"lagg0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        options=8<VLAN_MTU>\n"
"        ether b8:ee:65:5b:32:59\n"
"        laggproto failover lagghash l2,l3,l4\n"
"        laggport: re0 flags=5<MASTER,ACTIVE>\n"
"        laggport: wlan0 flags=0<>\n"
"        groups: lagg\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect\n"
"        status: active\n"
msgstr ""
"# ifconfig lagg0\n"
"lagg0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> metric 0 mtu 1500\n"
"        options=8<VLAN_MTU>\n"
"        ether b8:ee:65:5b:32:59\n"
"        laggproto failover lagghash l2,l3,l4\n"
"        laggport: re0 flags=5<MASTER,ACTIVE>\n"
"        laggport: wlan0 flags=0<>\n"
"        groups: lagg\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect\n"
"        status: active\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2485
msgid "Then, start the DHCP client to obtain an IP address:"
msgstr "Después, arranca el cliente DHCP para obtener una dirección IP:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2489
#, no-wrap
msgid "# dhclient lagg0\n"
msgstr "# dhclient lagg0\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2501
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ifconfig_re0=\"ether b8:ee:65:5b:32:59\"\n"
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"WPA\"\n"
"create_args_wlan0=\"country FR\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"lagg0\"\n"
"ifconfig_lagg0=\"up laggproto failover laggport re0 laggport wlan0 DHCP\"\n"
msgstr ""
"ifconfig_re0=\"ether b8:ee:65:5b:32:59\"\n"
"wlans_ath0=\"wlan0\"\n"
"ifconfig_wlan0=\"WPA\"\n"
"create_args_wlan0=\"country FR\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"lagg0\"\n"
"ifconfig_lagg0=\"up laggproto failover laggport re0 laggport wlan0 DHCP\"\n"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2506
#, no-wrap
msgid "Diskless Operation with PXE"
msgstr "Operación sin Disco con PXE"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2512
msgid ""
"The Intel(R) Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE) allows an operating system "
"to boot over the network.  For example, a FreeBSD system can boot over the "
"network and operate without a local disk, using file systems mounted from an "
"NFS server.  PXE support is usually available in the BIOS.  To use PXE when "
"the machine starts, select the `Boot from network` option in the BIOS setup "
"or type a function key during system initialization."
msgstr ""
"El Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE) de Intel(R) permite a un sistema "
"operativo arrancar por red. Por ejemplo, un sistema FreeBSD puede arrancar "
"sobre la red y operar sin un disco local, usando sistemas de ficheros "
"montados desde un servidor NFS. El soporte de PXE normalmente está "
"disponible en la BIOS. Para usar PXE cuando arranca la máquina, selecciona "
"la opción `Arrancar desde la red` en la configuración de la BIOS o teclea "
"una tecla de función durante la inicialización del sistema."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2514
msgid ""
"In order to provide the files needed for an operating system to boot over "
"the network, a PXE setup also requires properly configured DHCP, TFTP, and "
"NFS servers, where:"
msgstr ""
"Para proporcionar a un sistema operativo los ficheros necesarios para que "
"arranque sobre la red, la configuración de PXE también necesita configurar "
"apropiadamente DHCP, TFTP y los servidores NFS, donde:"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2516
msgid ""
"Initial parameters, such as an IP address, executable boot filename and "
"location, server name, and root path are obtained from the DHCP server."
msgstr ""
"Parámetros iniciales, como una dirección IP, el nombre del fichero "
"ejecutable de arranque y su localización, el nombre del servidor, y la ruta "
"raíz se obtienen del servidor DHCP."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2517
msgid "The operating system loader file is booted using TFTP."
msgstr ""
"El fichero del cargador del sistema operativo se obtiene mediante TFTP."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2518
msgid "The file systems are loaded using NFS."
msgstr "Los sistemas de ficheros se cargan usando NFS."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2523
msgid ""
"When a computer PXE boots, it receives information over DHCP about where to "
"obtain the initial boot loader file.  After the host computer receives this "
"information, it downloads the boot loader via TFTP and then executes the "
"boot loader.  In FreeBSD, the boot loader file is [.filename]#/boot/"
"pxeboot#.  After [.filename]#/boot/pxeboot# executes, the FreeBSD kernel is "
"loaded and the rest of the FreeBSD bootup sequence proceeds, as described in "
"crossref:boot[boot,The FreeBSD Booting Process]."
msgstr ""
"Cuando un ordenador arranca mediante PXE, recibe información a través de "
"DHCP sobre dónde obtener el fichero inicial del cargador de arranque. "
"Después de que el ordenador recibe esta información, descarga el cargador de "
"arranque vía TFTP y después ejecuta el cargador de arranque. En FreeBSD, el "
"fichero del cargador de arranque es [.filename]#/boot/pxeboot#. Después de "
"que [.filename]#/boot/pxeboot# se ejecute, se carga el kernel de FreeBSD y "
"el resto de la secuencia de arranque de FreeBSD prosigue su curso como se "
"describe en crossref:boot[boot,El Proceso de Arranque de FreeBSD]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2526
msgid ""
"This section describes how to configure these services on a FreeBSD system "
"so that other systems can PXE boot into FreeBSD.  Refer to man:diskless[8] "
"for more information."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección describe cómo configurar estos servicios en un sistema FreeBSD "
"de forma que otros sistemas puedan arrancar mediante PXE en FreeBSD. "
"Consulta man:diskless[8] para más información."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2531
msgid ""
"As described, the system providing these services is insecure.  It should "
"live in a protected area of a network and be untrusted by other hosts."
msgstr ""
"Como se ha descrito, el sistema que proporciona estos servicios no es "
"seguro. Debería vivir en un área protegida de la red y otros hosts no "
"deberían confiar en él."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2534
#, no-wrap
msgid "Setting Up the PXE Environment"
msgstr "Configurando el Entorno PXE"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2540
msgid ""
"The steps shown in this section configure the built-in NFS and TFTP "
"servers.  The next section demonstrates how to install and configure the "
"DHCP server.  In this example, the directory which will contain the files "
"used by PXE users is [.filename]#/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install#.  It is "
"important that this directory exists and that the same directory name is set "
"in both [.filename]#/etc/inetd.conf# and [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/dhcpd."
"conf#."
msgstr ""
"Las pasos que se muestran en esta sección configuran los servidores NFS y "
"TFTP incluidos. La siguiente sección muestra cómo instalar y configurar el "
"servidor DHCP. En este ejemplo, el dirección que contendrá los ficheros "
"usados por los usuarios PXE es [.filename]#/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install#. Es "
"importante que este directorio exista y que el nombre del directorio esté "
"configurado tanto en [.filename]#/etc/inetd.conf# como en [.filename]#/usr/"
"local/etc/dhcpd.conf#."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2545
msgid ""
"The command examples below assume use of the man:sh[1] shell.  man:csh[1] "
"and man:tcsh[1] users will need to start a man:sh[1] shell or adapt the "
"commands to man:csh[1] syntax."
msgstr ""
"Los ejemplos de comandos que siguen asumen el uso del shell man:sh[1]. Los "
"usuarios de man:chs[1] y man:tcsh[1] tendrán que iniciar un shell man:sh[1] "
"o adaptar los comandos a la sintaxis de man:csh[1]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2549
msgid ""
"Create the root directory which will contain a FreeBSD installation to be "
"NFS mounted:"
msgstr ""
"Crea el directorio raíz que contendrá la instalación de FreeBSD que será "
"montada por NFS:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2554
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# export NFSROOTDIR=/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install\n"
"# mkdir -p ${NFSROOTDIR}\n"
msgstr ""
"# export NFSROOTDIR=/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install\n"
"# mkdir -p ${NFSROOTDIR}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2557
msgid "Enable the NFS server by adding this line to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Activa el servidor NFS añadiendo esta línea a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2561
#, no-wrap
msgid "nfs_server_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "nfs_server_enable=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2564
msgid ""
"Export the diskless root directory via NFS by adding the following to [."
"filename]#/etc/exports#:"
msgstr ""
"Exporta el directorio raíz del sistema sin disco vía NFS añadiendo lo "
"siguiente a [.filename]#/etc/exports#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2568
#, no-wrap
msgid "/b -ro -alldirs -maproot=root\n"
msgstr "/b -ro -alldirs -maproot=root\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2571
msgid "Start the NFS server:"
msgstr "Arranca el servidor NFS:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2575
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service nfsd start\n"
msgstr "# service nfsd start\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2578
msgid ""
"Enable man:inetd[8] by adding the following line to [.filename]#/etc/rc."
"conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Activa man:inetd[8] añadiendo la siguiente línea a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2582
#, no-wrap
msgid "inetd_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "inetd_enable=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2585
msgid ""
"Uncomment the following line in [.filename]#/etc/inetd.conf# by making sure "
"it does not start with a `+#+` symbol:"
msgstr ""
"Descomenta la siguiente línea en [.filename]#/etc/inetd.conf# asegurándote "
"de que no comienza con un símbolo `+#+`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2589
#, no-wrap
msgid "tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd -l -s /b/tftpboot\n"
msgstr "tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/libexec/tftpd tftpd -l -s /b/tftpboot\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2595
msgid ""
"Some PXE versions require the TCP version of TFTP.  In this case, uncomment "
"the second `tftp` line which contains `stream tcp`."
msgstr ""
"Algunas versiones de PXE necesitan la versión TCP de TFTP. En este caso, "
"descomenta la segunda línea `tftp` que contiene `stream tcp`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2598
msgid "Start man:inetd[8]:"
msgstr "Arranca man:inetd[8]:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2602
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service inetd start\n"
msgstr "# service inetd start\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2605
msgid ""
"Install the base system into [.filename]#${NFSROOTDIR}#, either by "
"decompressing the official archives or by rebuilding the FreeBSD kernel and "
"userland (refer to crossref:cutting-edge[makeworld,“Updating FreeBSD from "
"Source”] for more detailed instructions, but do not forget to add `DESTDIR=_"
"${NFSROOTDIR}_` when running the `make installkernel` and `make "
"installworld` commands."
msgstr ""
"Instala el sistema base en [.filename]#${NFSROOTDIR}#, bien descomprimiendo "
"los archivos oficiales o recompilando el kernel de FreeBSD y el espacio de "
"usuario (consulta crossref:cutting-edge[makeworld,“Actualizando FreeBSD "
"desde las Fuentes”] para instrucciones más detalladas, pero no olvides "
"añadir `DESTDIR=_${NFSROOTDIR}_` cuando ejecutes los comands `make "
"installkernel` y `make installworld`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2606
msgid ""
"Test that the TFTP server works and can download the boot loader which will "
"be obtained via PXE:"
msgstr ""
"Comprueba que el servidor TFTP funciona y que puede descargar el cargador de "
"arranque que se obtendrá vía PXE:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2612
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# tftp localhost\n"
"tftp> get FreeBSD/install/boot/pxeboot\n"
"Received 264951 bytes in 0.1 seconds\n"
msgstr ""
"# tftp localhost\n"
"tftp> get FreeBSD/install/boot/pxeboot\n"
"Received 264951 bytes in 0.1 seconds\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2615
msgid ""
"Edit [.filename]#${NFSROOTDIR}/etc/fstab# and create an entry to mount the "
"root file system over NFS:"
msgstr ""
"Edita [.filename]#${NFSROOTDIR}/etc/fstab# y crea una entrada para montar el "
"sistema de ficheros raíz sobre NFS:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2620
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# Device                                         Mountpoint    FSType   Options  Dump Pass\n"
"myhost.example.com:/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install       /         nfs      ro        0    0\n"
msgstr ""
"# Device                                         Mountpoint    FSType   Options  Dump Pass\n"
"myhost.example.com:/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install       /         nfs      ro        0    0\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2624
msgid ""
"Replace _myhost.example.com_ with the hostname or IP address of the NFS "
"server.  In this example, the root file system is mounted read-only in order "
"to prevent NFS clients from potentially deleting the contents of the root "
"file system."
msgstr ""
"Reemplaza _myhost.example.com_ con el nombre de la máquina o la dirección IP "
"del servidor NFS. En este ejemplo, el sistema de ficheros raíz está montado "
"como solo lectura para evitar que los clientes NFS puedan borrar los "
"contenidos del sistema de ficheros raíz."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2625
msgid ""
"Set the root password in the PXE environment for client machines which are "
"PXE booting :"
msgstr ""
"Establece la contraseña de root en el entorno PXE para las máquinas cliente "
"que están arrancando mediante PXE:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2630
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# chroot ${NFSROOTDIR}\n"
"# passwd\n"
msgstr ""
"# chroot ${NFSROOTDIR}\n"
"# passwd\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2633
msgid ""
"If needed, enable man:ssh[1] root logins for client machines which are PXE "
"booting by editing [.filename]#${NFSROOTDIR}/etc/ssh/sshd_config# and "
"enabling `PermitRootLogin`. This option is documented in man:sshd_config[5]."
msgstr ""
"Si es necesario, habilita el inicio de sesión de root en man:ssh[1] para las "
"máquinas cliente que arrancan con PXE editando [.filename]#${NFSROOTDIR}/etc/"
"ssh/sshd_config# y habilitando `PermitRootLogin`. Esta opción está "
"documentada en man:sshd_config[5]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2634
msgid ""
"Perform any other needed customizations of the PXE environment in [."
"filename]#${NFSROOTDIR}#. These customizations could include things like "
"installing packages or editing the password file with man:vipw[8]."
msgstr ""
"Realiza cualquier otra personalización del entorno PXE en [.filename]#"
"${NFSROOTDIR}#. Estas personalizaciones podrían incluir cosas como "
"instalación de paquetes o editar el fichero de contraseñas con man:vipw[8]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2637
msgid ""
"When booting from an NFS root volume, [.filename]#/etc/rc# detects the NFS "
"boot and runs [.filename]#/etc/rc.initdiskless#.  In this case, [.filename]#/"
"etc# and [.filename]#/var# need to be memory backed file systems so that "
"these directories are writable but the NFS root directory is read-only:"
msgstr ""
"Cuando se arranca desde un volumen raíz NFS, [.filename]#/etc/rc# detecta el "
"arranque NFS y ejecuta [.filename]#/etc/rc.initdiskless#. En este caso se "
"necesita que [.filename]#/etc# y [.filename]#/var# estén cargados den "
"memoria de forma que estos directorios sean escribibles pero el directorio "
"raíz NFS sea de sólo escritura:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2644
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# chroot ${NFSROOTDIR}\n"
"# mkdir -p conf/base\n"
"# tar -c -v -f conf/base/etc.cpio.gz --format cpio --gzip etc\n"
"# tar -c -v -f conf/base/var.cpio.gz --format cpio --gzip var\n"
msgstr ""
"# chroot ${NFSROOTDIR}\n"
"# mkdir -p conf/base\n"
"# tar -c -v -f conf/base/etc.cpio.gz --format cpio --gzip etc\n"
"# tar -c -v -f conf/base/var.cpio.gz --format cpio --gzip var\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2649
msgid ""
"When the system boots, memory file systems for [.filename]#/etc# and [."
"filename]#/var# will be created and mounted and the contents of the [."
"filename]#cpio.gz# files will be copied into them.  By default, these file "
"systems have a maximum capacity of 5 megabytes.  If your archives do not "
"fit, which is usually the case for [.filename]#/var# when binary packages "
"have been installed, request a larger size by putting the number of 512 byte "
"sectors needed (e.g., 5 megabytes is 10240 sectors) in [.filename]#"
"${NFSROOTDIR}/conf/base/etc/md_size# and [.filename]#${NFSROOTDIR}/conf/base/"
"var/md_size# files for [.filename]#/etc# and [.filename]#/var# file systems "
"respectively."
msgstr ""
"Cuando el sistema arranca, los sistemas de fichero en memoria para [."
"filename]#/etc# y [.filename]#/var# se crearán y montarán y el contenido de "
"los ficheros [.filename]#cpio.gz# se copiará dentro de ellos. Por defecto, "
"estos sistemas de ficheros tienen una capacidad máxima de 5 megabytes. Si "
"tus archivos no caben, que es habitualmente el caso para [.filename]#/var# "
"cuando se han instalado paquetes binarios, solicita más tamaño poniendo el "
"número de sectores de 512 bytes necesarios (por ejemplo, 5 megabytes es "
"10240 sectores) en [.filename]#${NFSROOTDIR}/conf/base/etc/md_size# y [."
"filename]#${NFSROOTDIR}/conf/base/var/md_size# para los sistemas de ficheros "
"[.filename]#/etc# y [.filename]#/var# respectivamente."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2651
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuring the DHCP Server"
msgstr "Configurando el Servidor DHCP"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2654
msgid ""
"The DHCP server does not need to be the same machine as the TFTP and NFS "
"server, but it needs to be accessible in the network."
msgstr ""
"El servidor DHCP no necesita estar en la misma máquina que los servidores de "
"TFTP y NFS, pero necesita estar accesible en la red."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2656
msgid ""
"DHCP is not part of the FreeBSD base system but can be installed using the "
"package:net/isc-dhcp44-server[] port or package."
msgstr ""
"DHCP no es parte del sistema base de FreeBSD pero se puede instalar usando "
"el port o paquete package:net/isc-dhcp44-server[]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2659
msgid ""
"Once installed, edit the configuration file, [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/"
"dhcpd.conf#.  Configure the `next-server`, `filename`, and `root-path` "
"settings as seen in this example:"
msgstr ""
"Una vez instalado, edita el fichero de configuración, [.filename]#/usr/local/"
"etc/dhcpd.conf#. Configura las opciones `next-server`, `filename`, y `root-"
"path` como se ve en este ejemplo:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2669
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n"
"   range 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 ;\n"
"   option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0 ;\n"
"   option routers 192.168.0.1 ;\n"
"   option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255 ;\n"
"   option domain-name-servers 192.168.35.35, 192.168.35.36 ;\n"
"   option domain-name \"example.com\";\n"
msgstr ""
"subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {\n"
"   range 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 ;\n"
"   option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0 ;\n"
"   option routers 192.168.0.1 ;\n"
"   option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255 ;\n"
"   option domain-name-servers 192.168.35.35, 192.168.35.36 ;\n"
"   option domain-name \"example.com\";\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2672
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"   # IP address of TFTP server\n"
"   next-server 192.168.0.1 ;\n"
msgstr ""
"   # IP address of TFTP server\n"
"   next-server 192.168.0.1 ;\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2675
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"   # path of boot loader obtained via tftp\n"
"   filename \"FreeBSD/install/boot/pxeboot\" ;\n"
msgstr ""
"   # path of boot loader obtained via tftp\n"
"   filename \"FreeBSD/install/boot/pxeboot\" ;\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2678
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"   # pxeboot boot loader will try to NFS mount this directory for root FS\n"
"   option root-path \"192.168.0.1:/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install/\" ;\n"
msgstr ""
"   # pxeboot boot loader will try to NFS mount this directory for root FS\n"
"   option root-path \"192.168.0.1:/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install/\" ;\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2680
#, no-wrap
msgid "}\n"
msgstr "}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2683
msgid ""
"The `next-server` directive is used to specify the IP address of the TFTP "
"server."
msgstr ""
"La directiva `next-server` se usa para especificar la dirección IP del "
"servidor TFTP."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2686
msgid ""
"The `filename` directive defines the path to [.filename]#/boot/pxeboot#.  A "
"relative filename is used, meaning that [.filename]#/b/tftpboot# is not "
"included in the path."
msgstr ""
"La directiva `filename` define la ruta a [.filename]#/boot/pxeboot#. Se usa "
"un nombre de fichero relativo, lo que significa que [.filename]#/b/tftpboot# "
"no está incluido en la ruta."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2688
msgid "The `root-path` option defines the path to the NFS root file system."
msgstr "La opción `root-path` define la ruta al sistema de ficheros raíz NFS."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2690
msgid ""
"Once the edits are saved, enable DHCP at boot time by adding the following "
"line to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Una vez salvados los cambios, activa DHCP durante el arranque añadiendo la "
"siguiente línea a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2694
#, no-wrap
msgid "dhcpd_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "dhcpd_enable=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2697
msgid "Then start the DHCP service:"
msgstr "Después inicia el servicio DHCP:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2701
#, no-wrap
msgid "# service isc-dhcpd start\n"
msgstr "# service isc-dhcpd start\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2703
#, no-wrap
msgid "Debugging PXE Problems"
msgstr "Depurando problemas en PXE"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2707
msgid ""
"Once all of the services are configured and started, PXE clients should be "
"able to automatically load FreeBSD over the network.  If a particular client "
"is unable to connect, when that client machine boots up, enter the BIOS "
"configuration menu and confirm that it is set to boot from the network."
msgstr ""
"Una vez que todos los servicios están configurados y arrancados, los "
"clientes PXE deberían ser capaces de cargar automáticamente FreeBSD a través "
"de la red. Si un cliente particular no es capaz de conectar, cuando ese "
"cliente arranque, entra en el menú de configuración de la BIO y confirma que "
"está configurado para arrancar desde la red."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2709
msgid ""
"This section describes some troubleshooting tips for isolating the source of "
"the configuration problem should no clients be able to PXE boot."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección describe algunos consejos para resolución de problemas para "
"aislar la fuente del problema de configuración si los clientes no fueran "
"capaces de arrancar mediante PXE."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2713
msgid ""
"Use the package:net/wireshark[] package or port to debug the network traffic "
"involved during the PXE booting process, which is illustrated in the diagram "
"below."
msgstr ""
"Usa el paquete o port package:net/wireshark[] para depurar el tráfico de red "
"involucrado en el proceso de arranque de PXE, el cual se ilustra en el "
"diagrama inferior."

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2714
#, no-wrap
msgid "PXE Booting Process with NFS Root Mount"
msgstr "Proceso de Arranque de PXE con Punto de Montaje Raíz NFS"

#. type: Target for macro image
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2715
#, no-wrap
msgid "pxe-nfs.png"
msgstr "pxe-nfs.png"

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2718
msgid "Client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message."
msgstr "El cliente emite un mensaje DHCPDISCOVER."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2720
msgid ""
"The DHCP server responds with the IP address, next-server, filename, and "
"root-path values."
msgstr ""
"El servidor DHCP responde con los valores para la dirección IP, next-server, "
"filename y root-path."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2722
msgid ""
"The client sends a TFTP request to next-server, asking to retrieve filename."
msgstr ""
"El cliente envía una solicitud TFTP a next-server, pidiendo recuperar un "
"nombre de archivo."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2724
msgid "The TFTP server responds and sends filename to client."
msgstr "El servidor TFTP responde y envía el fichero al cliente."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2726
msgid ""
"The client executes filename, which is pxeboot(8), which then loads the "
"kernel. When the kernel executes, the root file system specified by root-"
"path is mounted over NFS."
msgstr ""
"El cliente ejecuta el fichero, que es pxeboot(8), que luego carga el kernel. "
"Cuando el kernel se ejecuta, el sistema de ficheros raíz especificado por "
"root-path es montado a través de NFS."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2728
msgid ""
"On the TFTP server, read [.filename]#/var/log/xferlog# to ensure that [."
"filename]#pxeboot# is being retrieved from the correct location. To test "
"this example configuration:"
msgstr ""
"En el servidor TFTP, lee [.filename]#/var/log/xferlog# para asegurar que se "
"está recuperando [.filename]#pxeboot# desde el lugar correcto. Prueba con "
"este ejemplo de configuración:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2734
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# tftp 192.168.0.1\n"
"tftp> get FreeBSD/install/boot/pxeboot\n"
"Received 264951 bytes in 0.1 seconds\n"
msgstr ""
"# tftp 192.168.0.1\n"
"tftp> get FreeBSD/install/boot/pxeboot\n"
"Received 264951 bytes in 0.1 seconds\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2737
msgid ""
"The `BUGS` sections in man:tftpd[8] and man:tftp[1] document some "
"limitations with TFTP."
msgstr ""
"La sección `BUGS` en man:tftpd[8] y man:tftp[1] documentan algunas "
"limitaciones con TFTP."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2738
msgid ""
"Make sure that the root file system can be mounted via NFS. To test this "
"example configuration:"
msgstr ""
"Asegúrate de que el sistema de ficheros raíz se puede montar vía NFS. Puedes "
"probar con esta configuración de ejemplo:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2742
#, no-wrap
msgid "# mount -t nfs 192.168.0.1:/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install /mnt\n"
msgstr "# mount -t nfs 192.168.0.1:/b/tftpboot/FreeBSD/install /mnt\n"

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2746
#, no-wrap
msgid "IPv6"
msgstr "IPv6"

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2750
msgid ""
"IPv6 is the new version of the well known IP protocol, also known as IPv4.  "
"IPv6 provides several advantages over IPv4 as well as many new features:"
msgstr ""
"IPv6 es la nueva versión del conocido protocolo IP, también conocido como "
"IPv4. IPv6 proporciona varias ventajas sobre IPv4 así como muchas "
"características nuevas:"

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2752
msgid ""
"Its 128-bit address space allows for "
"340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses. This "
"addresses the IPv4 address shortage and eventual IPv4 address exhaustion."
msgstr ""
"Su espacio de direcciones de 128 bits permite "
"340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456. Esto soluciona el "
"problema de escasez y eventual agotamiento de direcciones IPv4."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2753
msgid ""
"Routers only store network aggregation addresses in their routing tables, "
"thus reducing the average space of a routing table to 8192 entries. This "
"addresses the scalability issues associated with IPv4, which required every "
"allocated block of IPv4 addresses to be exchanged between Internet routers, "
"causing their routing tables to become too large to allow efficient routing."
msgstr ""
"Los routers sólo almacenan direcciones de agregación de red en sus tablas de "
"enrutamiento, reduciendo por tanto el espacio medio de una tabla de "
"enrutamiento a 8192 entradas. Esto soluciona los problemas de escalabilidad "
"asociados a IPv4, que requería que cada bloque asignado de direcciones IPv4 "
"fuera intercambiado entre los routers, haciendo que las tablas de "
"enrutamiento fueran demasiado grandes como para realizar un enrutamiento "
"eficiente."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2755
msgid ""
"Address autoconfiguration (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2462.txt[RFC2462])."
msgstr ""
"Autconfiguración de direcciones (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2462."
"txt[RFC2462])."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2756
msgid "Mandatory multicast addresses."
msgstr "Direcciones multicast obligatorias"

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2757
msgid "Built-in IPsec (IP security)."
msgstr "IPsec integrada (seguridad IP)."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2758
msgid "Simplified header structure."
msgstr "Estructura de cabecera simplificada."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2759
msgid "Support for mobile IP."
msgstr "Soporte para IP móvil."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2760
msgid "IPv6-to-IPv4 transition mechanisms."
msgstr "Mecanismos de transición IPv6-IPv4."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2763
msgid ""
"FreeBSD includes the http://www.kame.net/[http://www.kame.net/] IPv6 "
"reference implementation and comes with everything needed to use IPv6.  This "
"section focuses on getting IPv6 configured and running."
msgstr ""
"FreeBSD incluye la implementación de referencia IPv6 http://www.kame.net/"
"[http://www.kame.net/] y viene con todo lo necesario para usar IPv6. Esta "
"sección se centra en configurar y hacer funcionar IPv6."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2764
#, no-wrap
msgid "Background on IPv6 Addresses"
msgstr "Nociones de Direcciones IPv6"

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2767
msgid "There are three different types of IPv6 addresses:"
msgstr "Hay tres tipos diferentes de direcciones IPV6:"

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2768
#, no-wrap
msgid "Unicast"
msgstr "Unicast"

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2770
msgid ""
"A packet sent to a unicast address arrives at the interface belonging to the "
"address."
msgstr ""
"Un paquete enviado a una dirección unicast llega a la interfaz a la que "
"pertenece esa dirección."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2771
#, no-wrap
msgid "Anycast"
msgstr "Anycast"

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2775
msgid ""
"These addresses are syntactically indistinguishable from unicast addresses "
"but they address a group of interfaces.  The packet destined for an anycast "
"address will arrive at the nearest router interface.  Anycast addresses are "
"only used by routers."
msgstr ""
"Estas direcciones son sintácticamente indistinguibles de las direcciones "
"unicast pero se refieren a un grupo de interfaces. El paquete destinado a "
"una dirección anycast llegara hasta la interfaz del router más cercano. Las "
"direcciones anycast sólo son usadas por los routers."

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2776
#, no-wrap
msgid "Multicast"
msgstr "Multicast"

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2780
msgid ""
"These addresses identify a group of interfaces.  A packet destined for a "
"multicast address will arrive at all interfaces belonging to the multicast "
"group.  The IPv4 broadcast address, usually `xxx.xxx.xxx.255`, is expressed "
"by multicast addresses in IPv6."
msgstr ""
"Estas direcciones identifican un grupo de interfaces. Un paquete destinado a "
"una dirección multicast llegará a todas las interfaces que pertenezcan al "
"grupo multicast. Las direcciones broadcast de IPv4, normalmente `xxx.xxx."
"xxx.255`, se expresan como direcciones multicast en IPv6."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2783
msgid ""
"When reading an IPv6 address, the canonical form is represented as `x:x:x:x:"
"x:x:x:x`, where each `x` represents a 16 bit hex value.  An example is `FEBC:"
"A574:382B:23C1:AA49:4592:4EFE:9982`."
msgstr ""
"Cuando se lee una dirección IPv6, la forma canónica se representa como `x:x:"
"x:x:x:x:x:x`, donde cada `x` representa un valor hexadecimal de 16 bits. Un "
"ejemplo es `FEBC:A574:382B:23C1:AA49:4592:4EFE:9982`."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2788
msgid ""
"Often, an address will have long substrings of all zeros.  A `::` (double "
"colon) can be used to replace one substring per address.  Also, up to three "
"leading ``0``s per hex value can be omitted.  For example, `fe80::1` "
"corresponds to the canonical form `fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001`."
msgstr ""
"A menudo, una dirección tendrá largas subcadenas de ceros. Un `::` (dos "
"puntos dobles seguidos) se puede usar para sustituir una subcadena por cada "
"dirección. Además, se pueden omitir hasta tres ``0`` al comienzo. Por "
"ejemplo, `fe80::1` se corresponde con la forma canónica "
"`fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001`."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2791
msgid ""
"A third form is to write the last 32 bits using the well known IPv4 "
"notation.  For example, `2002::10.0.0.1` corresponds to the hexadecimal "
"canonical representation `2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0a00:0001`, which in "
"turn is equivalent to `2002::a00:1`."
msgstr ""
"Una tercera forma es escribir los últimos 32 bits usando la notación "
"conocida para IPv4. Por ejemplo, `2002::10.0.0.1` se corresponde con la "
"representación canónica hexadecimal "
"`2002:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0a00:0001`, que a su vez es equivalente a "
"`2002::a00:1`."

#. type: delimited block * 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2793
msgid "To view a FreeBSD system's IPv6 address, use man:ifconfig[8]:"
msgstr "Para ver la dirección IPv6 de un sistema FreeBSD, usa man:ifconfig[8]:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2797
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig\n"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2807
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"rl0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"         inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255\n"
"         inet6 fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1\n"
"         ether 00:00:21:03:08:e1\n"
"         media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX )\n"
"         status: active\n"
msgstr ""
"rl0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n"
"         inet 10.0.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.0.0.255\n"
"         inet6 fe80::200:21ff:fe03:8e1%rl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1\n"
"         ether 00:00:21:03:08:e1\n"
"         media: Ethernet autoselect (100baseTX )\n"
"         status: active\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2810
msgid ""
"In this example, the [.filename]#rl0# interface is using `fe80::200:21ff:"
"fe03:8e1%rl0`, an auto-configured link-local address which was automatically "
"generated from the MAC address."
msgstr ""
"En este ejemplo, el interfaz [.filename]#rl0# está usando `fe80::200:21ff:"
"fe03:8e1%rl0`, una dirección de enlace local auto configurada que se ha "
"generado automáticamente a partir de una dirección MAC."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2813
msgid ""
"Some IPv6 addresses are reserved.  A summary of these reserved addresses is "
"seen in <<reservedip6>>:"
msgstr ""
"Algunas direcciones IPv6 están reservadas. Se puede ver un resumen de las "
"direcciones reservadas en <<reservedip6>>:"

#. type: Block title
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2815
#, no-wrap
msgid "Reserved IPv6 Addresses"
msgstr "Direcciones IPv6 Reservadas"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2819
#, no-wrap
msgid "IPv6 address"
msgstr "Direcciones IPv6"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2820
#, no-wrap
msgid "Prefixlength (Bits)"
msgstr "Prefixlength (Bits)"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2821
#, no-wrap
msgid "Description"
msgstr "Descripción"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2823
#, no-wrap
msgid "Notes"
msgstr "Notas"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2824
#, no-wrap
msgid "`::`"
msgstr "`::`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2825
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2830
#, no-wrap
msgid "128 bits"
msgstr "128 bits"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2826
#, no-wrap
msgid "unspecified"
msgstr "sin especificar"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2828
#, no-wrap
msgid "Equivalent to `0.0.0.0` in IPv4."
msgstr "Equivalente a `0.0.0.0` en IPv4."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2829
#, no-wrap
msgid "`::1`"
msgstr "`::1`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2831
#, no-wrap
msgid "loopback address"
msgstr "dirección de loopback"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2833
#, no-wrap
msgid "Equivalent to `127.0.0.1` in IPv4."
msgstr "Equivalente a `127.0.0.1` en IPv4."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2834
#, no-wrap
msgid "`::00:xx:xx:xx:xx`"
msgstr "`::00:xx:xx:xx:xx`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2835
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2840
#, no-wrap
msgid "96 bits"
msgstr "96 bits"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2836
#, no-wrap
msgid "embedded IPv4"
msgstr "embedded IPv4"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2838
#, no-wrap
msgid "The lower 32 bits are the compatible IPv4 address."
msgstr "Los 32 bits menos significativos forma la dirección IPv4 compatible."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2839
#, no-wrap
msgid "`::ff:xx:xx:xx:xx`"
msgstr "`::ff:xx:xx:xx:xx`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2841
#, no-wrap
msgid "IPv4 mapped IPv6 address"
msgstr "Direcciones IPv4 mapeadas a IPv6"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2843
#, no-wrap
msgid "The lower 32 bits are the IPv4 address for hosts which do not support IPv6."
msgstr "Los 32 bits menos significativos son las direcciones IPv4 para hosts que no soportan IPv6."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2844
#, no-wrap
msgid "`fe80::/10`"
msgstr "`fe80::/10`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2845
#, no-wrap
msgid "10 bits"
msgstr "10 bits"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2846
#, no-wrap
msgid "link-local"
msgstr "link-local"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2848
#, no-wrap
msgid "Equivalent to 169.254.0.0/16 in IPv4."
msgstr "Equivalente a 169.254.0.0/16 en IPv4."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2849
#, no-wrap
msgid "`fc00::/7`"
msgstr "`fc00::/7`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2850
#, no-wrap
msgid "7 bits"
msgstr "7 bits"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2851
#, no-wrap
msgid "unique-local"
msgstr "unique-local"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2853
#, no-wrap
msgid "Unique local addresses are intended for local communication and are only routable within a set of cooperating sites."
msgstr "Loas direcciones locales únicas están pensadas para comunicación local y sólo son enrutables dentro de un conjunto cooperativo de sitios."

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2854
#, no-wrap
msgid "`ff00::`"
msgstr "`ff00::`"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2855
#, no-wrap
msgid "8 bits"
msgstr "8 bits"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2856
#, no-wrap
msgid "multicast"
msgstr "multicast"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2859
#, no-wrap
msgid "``2000::-3fff::``"
msgstr "``2000::-3fff::``"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2860
#, no-wrap
msgid "3 bits"
msgstr "3 bits"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2861
#, no-wrap
msgid "global unicast"
msgstr "global unicast"

#. type: Table
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2862
#, no-wrap
msgid "All global unicast addresses are assigned from this pool. The first 3 bits are `001`."
msgstr "Todas las direcciones unicast globales se asignan de este lote. Los tres primeros bits son `001`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2865
msgid ""
"For further information on the structure of IPv6 addresses, refer to http://"
"www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3513.txt[RFC3513]."
msgstr ""
"Para más información sobre la estructura de direcciones IPv6, consulta "
"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3513.txt[RFC3513]."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2866
#, no-wrap
msgid "Configuring IPv6"
msgstr "Configurando IPv6"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2869
msgid ""
"To configure a FreeBSD system as an IPv6 client, add these two lines to [."
"filename]#rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Para configurar un sistema FreeBSD como un cliente IPv6, añade estas dos "
"líneas a [.filename]#rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2874
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ifconfig_rl0_ipv6=\"inet6 accept_rtadv\"\n"
"rtsold_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr ""
"ifconfig_rl0_ipv6=\"inet6 accept_rtadv\"\n"
"rtsold_enable=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2878
msgid ""
"The first line enables the specified interface to receive router "
"advertisement messages.  The second line enables the router solicitation "
"daemon, man:rtsol[8]."
msgstr ""
"La primera línea habilita a la interfaz especificada a recibir mensajes de "
"aviso del router. La segunda línea habilita el demonio de peticiones del "
"router, man:rtsol[8]."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2880
msgid ""
"If the interface needs a statically assigned IPv6 address, add an entry to "
"specify the static address and associated prefix length:"
msgstr ""
"Si el interfaz necesita una dirección IPv6 asignada estáticamente, añade una "
"entrada para especificar la dirección estática y la longitud de prefijo "
"asociada:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2884
#, no-wrap
msgid "ifconfig_rl0_ipv6=\"inet6 2001:db8:4672:6565:2026:5043:2d42:5344 prefixlen 64\"\n"
msgstr "ifconfig_rl0_ipv6=\"inet6 2001:db8:4672:6565:2026:5043:2d42:5344 prefixlen 64\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2887
msgid "To assign a default router, specify its address:"
msgstr "Para asignar un router por defecto, especifica su dirección:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2891
#, no-wrap
msgid "ipv6_defaultrouter=\"2001:db8:4672:6565::1\"\n"
msgstr "ipv6_defaultrouter=\"2001:db8:4672:6565::1\"\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2893
#, no-wrap
msgid "Connecting to a Provider"
msgstr "Conectando con un Proveedor"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2896
msgid ""
"In order to connect to other IPv6 networks, one must have a provider or a "
"tunnel that supports IPv6:"
msgstr ""
"Para conectar con otras redes IPv6, se debe tener un proveedor o un túnel "
"que soporte IPv6:"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2898
msgid "Contact an Internet Service Provider to see if they offer IPv6."
msgstr ""
"Contacta con un Proveedor de Servicio de Internet para ver si ofrecen IPv6."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2899
msgid ""
"http://www.tunnelbroker.net[Hurricane Electric] offers tunnels with end-"
"points all around the globe."
msgstr ""
"http://www.tunnelbroker.net[Hurricane Electric] ofrece túneles con extremos "
"en todo el mundo."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2903
msgid ""
"Install the package:net/freenet6[] package or port for a dial-up connection."
msgstr ""
"Instala el port o paquete package:net/freenet6[] para una conexión tipo "
"\"dial-up\"."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2906
msgid ""
"This section demonstrates how to take the directions from a tunnel provider "
"and convert them into [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# settings that will persist "
"through reboots."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección muestra cómo tomar las direcciones desde un proveedor de túnel "
"y convertirlas en configuración apta para [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# que "
"persistirá a pesar de los reinicios."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2908
msgid ""
"The first [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# entry creates the generic tunneling "
"interface [.filename]#gif0#:"
msgstr ""
"La primera entrada en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# crear una interfaz de túnel "
"genérica [.filename]#gif0#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2912
#, no-wrap
msgid "cloned_interfaces=\"gif0\"\n"
msgstr "cloned_interfaces=\"gif0\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2916
msgid ""
"Next, configure that interface with the IPv4 addresses of the local and "
"remote endpoints.  Replace `_MY_IPv4_ADDR_` and `_REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR_` with "
"the actual IPv4 addresses:"
msgstr ""
"Luego, configura la interfaz con la dirección IPv4 de los extremos local y "
"remoto. Reemplaza `_MY_IPv4_ADDR_` y `_REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR_` con las "
"direcciones IPv4 reales:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2920
#, no-wrap
msgid "create_args_gif0=\"tunnel MY_IPv4_ADDR REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR\"\n"
msgstr "create_args_gif0=\"tunnel MY_IPv4_ADDR REMOTE_IPv4_ADDR\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2923
msgid ""
"To apply the IPv6 address that has been assigned for use as the IPv6 tunnel "
"endpoint, add this line, replacing `_MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR_` "
"with the assigned address:"
msgstr ""
"Para aplicar la dirección IPv6 que ha sido asignada como extremo del túnel "
"IPv6, añade esta línea, reemplazando "
"`_MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR_` con la dirección asignada:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2927
#, no-wrap
msgid "ifconfig_gif0_ipv6=\"inet6 MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR\"\n"
msgstr "ifconfig_gif0_ipv6=\"inet6 MY_ASSIGNED_IPv6_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2931
msgid ""
"Then, set the default route for the other side of the IPv6 tunnel.  Replace "
"`_MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR_` with the default gateway address "
"assigned by the provider:"
msgstr ""
"Después, establece la ruta por defecto para el otro lado del túnel IPv6. "
"Reemplaza `_MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR_` con la dirección del "
"gateway por defecto asignado por el proveedor:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2935
#, no-wrap
msgid "ipv6_defaultrouter=\"MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR\"\n"
msgstr "ipv6_defaultrouter=\"MY_IPv6_REMOTE_TUNNEL_ENDPOINT_ADDR\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2938
msgid ""
"If the FreeBSD system will route IPv6 packets between the rest of the "
"network and the world, enable the gateway using this line:"
msgstr ""
"Si el sistema FreeBSD va a enruta paquetes IPv6 entre la red y el resto del "
"mundo, activa el gateway usando esta línea:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2942
#, no-wrap
msgid "ipv6_gateway_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "ipv6_gateway_enable=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2944
#, no-wrap
msgid "Router Advertisement and Host Auto Configuration"
msgstr "Avisos del Router y Auto Configuración del Host"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2947
msgid ""
"This section demonstrates how to setup man:rtadvd[8] to advertise the IPv6 "
"default route."
msgstr ""
"Esta sección muestra cómo configurar man:rtadvd[8] para anunciar el router "
"por defecto de IPv6."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2949
msgid ""
"To enable man:rtadvd[8], add the following to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Para habilitar man:rtadvd[8], añade lo siguiente a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2953
#, no-wrap
msgid "rtadvd_enable=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "rtadvd_enable=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2957
msgid ""
"It is important to specify the interface on which to do IPv6 router "
"advertisement.  For example, to tell man:rtadvd[8] to use [.filename]#rl0#:"
msgstr ""
"Es importante especificar la interfaz en la que hacer los anuncios IPv6. Por "
"ejemplo, para decirle a man:rtadvd[8] que use [.filename]#rl0#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2961
#, no-wrap
msgid "rtadvd_interfaces=\"rl0\"\n"
msgstr "rtadvd_interfaces=\"rl0\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2964
msgid ""
"Next, create the configuration file, [.filename]#/etc/rtadvd.conf# as seen "
"in this example:"
msgstr ""
"Después, crea el fichero de configuración, [.filename]#/etc/rtadvd.conf#, "
"como se ve en este ejemplo:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2969
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"rl0:\\\n"
"\t:addrs#1:addr=\"2001:db8:1f11:246::\":prefixlen#64:tc=ether:\n"
msgstr ""
"rl0:\\\n"
"\t:addrs#1:addr=\"2001:db8:1f11:246::\":prefixlen#64:tc=ether:\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2972
msgid ""
"Replace [.filename]#rl0# with the interface to be used and `2001:"
"db8:1f11:246::` with the prefix of the allocation."
msgstr ""
"Reemplaza [.filename]#rl0# con la interfaz que se usará y `2001:"
"db8:1f11:246::` con el prefijo de la asignación."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2975
msgid ""
"For a dedicated `/64` subnet, nothing else needs to be changed.  Otherwise, "
"change the `prefixlen#` to the correct value."
msgstr ""
"Para una subred `/64` dedicada, no se necesita cambiar nada. Por el "
"contrario, cambia `prefixlen#` al valor correcto."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2976
#, no-wrap
msgid "IPv6 and IPv4 Address Mapping"
msgstr "Mapeo de Direcciones IPv6 y IPv4"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2981
msgid ""
"When IPv6 is enabled on a server, there may be a need to enable IPv4 mapped "
"IPv6 address communication.  This compatibility option allows for IPv4 "
"addresses to be represented as IPv6 addresses.  Permitting IPv6 applications "
"to communicate with IPv4 and vice versa may be a security issue."
msgstr ""
"Cuando se activa IPv6 en un servidor, podría necesitarse habilitar los "
"mapeos de IPv4 a IPv6. Esta opción de compatibilidad permite a las "
"direcciones IPv4 ser representadas como direcciones IPv6. Permitir a "
"aplicaciones IPv6 comunicarse con IPv4 y viceversa podría ser un problema de "
"seguridad."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2986
msgid ""
"This option may not be required in most cases and is available only for "
"compatibility.  This option will allow IPv6-only applications to work with "
"IPv4 in a dual stack environment.  This is most useful for third party "
"applications which may not support an IPv6-only environment.  To enable this "
"feature, add the following to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Esta opción podría no ser necesaria en la mayoría de los casos y sólo está "
"disponible por compatibilidad. Esta opción permitirá a las aplicaciones que "
"sólo funcionan con IPv6 trabajar con IPv4 en un entorno de pila doble. Esto "
"es útil principalmente para aplicaciones de terceros que podrían no soportar "
"entornos sólo IPv6. Para habilitar esta característica, añade los siguiente "
"a [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2990
#, no-wrap
msgid "ipv6_ipv4mapping=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "ipv6_ipv4mapping=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2993
msgid ""
"Reviewing the information in RFC 3493, section 3.6 and 3.7 as well as RFC "
"4038 section 4.2 may be useful to some administrators."
msgstr ""
"Revisar la información en el RFC 3493, sección 3.6 y 3.7 así como el RFC "
"4038 sección 4.2 podría ser de utilidad para algunos administradores."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2995
#, no-wrap
msgid "Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP)"
msgstr "Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP)"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:2999
msgid ""
"The Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP) allows multiple hosts to share "
"the same IP address and Virtual Host ID (VHID) in order to provide _high "
"availability_ for one or more services.  This means that one or more hosts "
"can fail, and the other hosts will transparently take over so that users do "
"not see a service failure."
msgstr ""
"El protocolo CARP (Common Address Redundancy Protocol) permite a múltiples "
"hosts compartir la misma dirección IP y VHID (Virtual Host ID) para "
"proporcionar _alta disponibilidad_ para uno o más servicios. Este significa "
"que uno o más hosts pueden fallar, y los otros hosts se harán cargo de forma "
"transparente de forma que los usuarios no verán un fallo de servicio."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3003
msgid ""
"In addition to the shared IP address, each host has its own IP address for "
"management and configuration.  All of the machines that share an IP address "
"have the same VHID.  The VHID for each virtual IP address must be unique "
"across the broadcast domain of the network interface."
msgstr ""
"Además de la dirección IP compartida, cada host tiene su propia dirección IP "
"para gestión y configuración. Todas las máquinas que comparten una dirección "
"IP tienen el mismo VHID. El VHID para cada dirección IP virtual debe ser "
"única en el dominio broadcast del interfaz de red."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3006
msgid ""
"High availability using CARP is built into FreeBSD, though the steps to "
"configure it vary slightly depending upon the FreeBSD version.  This section "
"provides the same example configuration for versions before and equal to or "
"after FreeBSD 10."
msgstr ""
"La alta disponibilidad con CARP está incluida en FreeBSD, aunque los pasos "
"para configurarla varían ligeramente dependiendo de la versión de FreeBSD. "
"Esta sección proporciona la misma configuración de ejemplo para versiones "
"anteriores, iguales o posteriores a FreeBSD 10."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3009
msgid ""
"This example configures failover support with three hosts, all with unique "
"IP addresses, but providing the same web content.  It has two different "
"masters named `hosta.example.org` and `hostb.example.org`, with a shared "
"backup named `hostc.example.org`."
msgstr ""
"Este ejemplo configura soporte para failover con tres hosts, todos con una "
"única dirección IP, pero proporcionando el mismo contenido web. Tiene dos "
"maestros diferentes llamados `hosta.example.org` y `hostb.example.org`, con "
"un respaldo compartido llamado `hostc.example.org`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3016
msgid ""
"These machines are load balanced with a Round Robin DNS configuration.  The "
"master and backup machines are configured identically except for their "
"hostnames and management IP addresses.  These servers must have the same "
"configuration and run the same services.  When the failover occurs, requests "
"to the service on the shared IP address can only be answered correctly if "
"the backup server has access to the same content.  The backup machine has "
"two additional CARP interfaces, one for each of the master content server's "
"IP addresses.  When a failure occurs, the backup server will pick up the "
"failed master machine's IP address."
msgstr ""
"Estas máquinas están balanceadas con un DNS con figurado en Round Robin . "
"Las máquinas maestro y el respaldo están configuradas de forma idéntica "
"excepto por los nombres de host y las direcciones IP de gestión. Estos "
"servidores deben tener la misma configuración y ejecutar los mismos "
"servicios. Cuando se produce un failover, las peticiones al servicio en la "
"dirección IP compartida sólo pueden ser contestadas correctamente si el "
"servidor de respaldo tiene acceso al mismo contenido. La máquina de respaldo "
"tiene dos interfaces CARP adicionales, una para cada dirección IP de los "
"servidores maestros. Cuando ocurre un fallo, el servidor de respaldo pillará "
"la dirección IP de la máquina del maestro que haya fallado."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3018
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using CARP on FreeBSD 10 and Later"
msgstr "Usando CARP en FreeBSD 10 y Posterior"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3021
msgid ""
"Enable boot-time support for CARP by adding an entry for the [."
"filename]#carp.ko# kernel module in [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Activa el soporte de CARP en el arranque añadiendo una entrada para el "
"módulo del kernel [.filename]#carp.ko# en [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3025
#, no-wrap
msgid "carp_load=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "carp_load=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3028
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3109
msgid "To load the module now without rebooting:"
msgstr "Para cargar el módulo ahora sin reiniciar:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3032
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3113
#, no-wrap
msgid "# kldload carp\n"
msgstr "# kldload carp\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3035
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3116
msgid ""
"For users who prefer to use a custom kernel, include the following line in "
"the custom kernel configuration file and compile the kernel as described in "
"crossref:kernelconfig[kernelconfig,Configuring the FreeBSD Kernel]:"
msgstr ""
"Para los usuarios que prefieren usar un kernel personalizado, incluye la "
"siguiente línea en el fichero de configuración del kernel personalizado y "
"compila como se describe en crossref:kernelconfig[kernelconfig,Configurando "
"el Kernel de FreeBSD]:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3039
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3120
#, no-wrap
msgid "device\tcarp\n"
msgstr "device\tcarp\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3042
msgid ""
"The hostname, management IP address and subnet mask, shared IP address, and "
"VHID are all set by adding entries to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. This "
"example is for `hosta.example.org`:"
msgstr ""
"El nombre de host, dirección IP de gestión y su máscara de subred, la "
"dirección IP compartida, y el VHID se configuran añadiendo entradas en [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. Este ejemplo es para `hosta.example.org`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3048
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hostname=\"hosta.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0_alias0=\"inet vhid 1 pass testpass alias 192.168.1.50/32\"\n"
msgstr ""
"hostname=\"hosta.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0_alias0=\"inet vhid 1 pass testpass alias 192.168.1.50/32\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3053
msgid ""
"The next set of entries are for `hostb.example.org`.  Since it represents a "
"second master, it uses a different shared IP address and VHID.  However, the "
"passwords specified with `pass` must be identical as CARP will only listen "
"to and accept advertisements from machines with the correct password."
msgstr ""
"El siguiente conjunto de entradas es para `hostb.example.org`. Puesto que "
"representa un segundo maestro, utiliza una dirección IP compartida y VHID "
"diferentes. Sin embargo, la contraseña especificada con `pass` debe ser "
"idéntica ya que CARP sólo escuchará y aceptará notificaciones de las "
"máquinas que tengan la contraseña correcta."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3059
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hostname=\"hostb.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"inet 192.168.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0_alias0=\"inet vhid 2 pass testpass alias 192.168.1.51/32\"\n"
msgstr ""
"hostname=\"hostb.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"inet 192.168.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0_alias0=\"inet vhid 2 pass testpass alias 192.168.1.51/32\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3064
msgid ""
"The third machine, `hostc.example.org`, is configured to handle failover "
"from either master.  This machine is configured with two CARPVHIDs, one to "
"handle the virtual IP address for each of the master hosts.  The CARP "
"advertising skew, `advskew`, is set to ensure that the backup host "
"advertises later than the master, since `advskew` controls the order of "
"precedence when there are multiple backup servers."
msgstr ""
"La tercer máquina, `hostc.example.org`, está configurada para manejar el "
"failover de cualquiera de los maestros. Esta máquina está configurada con "
"dos CARPVHIDS, uno para manejar cada dirección IP virtual de cada host "
"maestro. El desvío de notificaciones CARP, `advskew`, está configurado para "
"asegurar que el host de respaldo notifica más tarde que el maestro, puesto "
"que `advskew` controla el orden de precedencia cuando hay varios servidores "
"de reemplazo."

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3071
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hostname=\"hostc.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"inet 192.168.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0_alias0=\"inet vhid 1 advskew 100 pass testpass alias 192.168.1.50/32\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0_alias1=\"inet vhid 2 advskew 100 pass testpass alias 192.168.1.51/32\"\n"
msgstr ""
"hostname=\"hostc.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"inet 192.168.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0_alias0=\"inet vhid 1 advskew 100 pass testpass alias 192.168.1.50/32\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0_alias1=\"inet vhid 2 advskew 100 pass testpass alias 192.168.1.51/32\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3075
msgid ""
"Having two CARPVHIDs configured means that `hostc.example.org` will notice "
"if either of the master servers becomes unavailable.  If a master fails to "
"advertise before the backup server, the backup server will pick up the "
"shared IP address until the master becomes available again."
msgstr ""
"Tener dos CARPVHIDs configurados significa que `hostc.example.org` se dará "
"cuenta si alguno de los maestros no se encuentra disponible. Si un maestro "
"no es capaz de notificar antes que el servidor de reemplazo, el servidor de "
"reemplazo usará la dirección IP compartida hasta que el maestro esté "
"disponible de nuevo."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3082
msgid ""
"If the original master server becomes available again, `hostc.example.org` "
"will not release the virtual IP address back to it automatically.  For this "
"to happen, preemption has to be enabled.  The feature is disabled by "
"default, it is controlled via the man:sysctl[8] variable `net.inet.carp."
"preempt`.  The administrator can force the backup server to return the IP "
"address to the master:"
msgstr ""
"Si el maestro original vuelve a estar disponible, `hostc.example.org` no "
"liberará la dirección IP virtual automáticamente. Para que esto suceda, se "
"tiene que habilitar la preemptividad. Esto está deshabilitado por defecto, "
"está controlado mediante la variable `net.inet.carp.preempt` de man:"
"sysctl[8]. El administrador puede forzar a que el servidor de reemplazo "
"devuelva la dirección IP al maestro:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3086
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig em0 vhid 1 state backup\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig em0 vhid 1 state backup\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3092
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3178
msgid ""
"Once the configuration is complete, either restart networking or reboot each "
"system.  High availability is now enabled."
msgstr ""
"Una vez completada la configuración, reinicia la red o reinicia cada "
"sistema. Ahora la alta disponibilidad está habilitada."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3095
msgid ""
"CARP functionality can be controlled via several man:sysctl[8] variables "
"documented in the man:carp[4] manual pages.  Other actions can be triggered "
"from CARP events by using man:devd[8]."
msgstr ""
"La funcionalidad CARP se puede controlar mediante varias variables de man:"
"sysctl[8] que están documentadas en las páginas de manual man:carp[4]. Se "
"pueden disparar otras acciones a partir de eventos CARP usando man:devd[8]."

#. type: Title ===
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3097
#, no-wrap
msgid "Using CARP on FreeBSD 9 and Earlier"
msgstr "Usando CARP en FreeBSD 9 y Anteriores"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3100
msgid ""
"The configuration for these versions of FreeBSD is similar to the one "
"described in the previous section, except that a CARP device must first be "
"created and referred to in the configuration."
msgstr ""
"La configuración para estas versiones de FreeBSD es similar a la descrita en "
"la sección previa, excepto que se tiene que crear primero un dispositivo "
"CARP y hacer referencia a él en la configuración."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3102
msgid ""
"Enable boot-time support for CARP by loading the [.filename]#if_carp.ko# "
"kernel module in [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Activa el soporte de CARP al arrancar cargando el módulo del kernel [."
"filename]#if_carp.ko# en [.filename]#/boot/loader.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3106
#, no-wrap
msgid "if_carp_load=\"YES\"\n"
msgstr "if_carp_load=\"YES\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3123
msgid "Next, on each host, create a CARP device:"
msgstr "Después, en cada host, crea un dispositivo CARP:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3127
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig carp0 create\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig carp0 create\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3132
msgid ""
"Set the hostname, management IP address, the shared IP address, and VHID by "
"adding the required lines to [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#.  Since a virtual "
"CARP device is used instead of an alias, the actual subnet mask of `/24` is "
"used instead of `/32`.  Here are the entries for `hosta.example.org`:"
msgstr ""
"Establece el nombre de host, dirección IP de gestión, dirección IP "
"compartida, y VHID añadiendo las líneas necesarias a [.filename]#/etc/rc."
"conf#. Puesto que se usa un dispositivo CARP virtual en lugar de un alias, "
"se usa la máscara de subred `/24` en lugar de `/32`. Aquí están las entradas "
"para `hosta.example.org`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3139
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hostname=\"hosta.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"carp0\"\n"
"ifconfig_carp0=\"vhid 1 pass testpass 192.168.1.50/24\"\n"
msgstr ""
"hostname=\"hosta.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"inet 192.168.1.3 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"carp0\"\n"
"ifconfig_carp0=\"vhid 1 pass testpass 192.168.1.50/24\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3142
msgid "On `hostb.example.org`:"
msgstr "En `hostb.example.org`:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3149
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hostname=\"hostb.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"inet 192.168.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"carp0\"\n"
"ifconfig_carp0=\"vhid 2 pass testpass 192.168.1.51/24\"\n"
msgstr ""
"hostname=\"hostb.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"inet 192.168.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"carp0\"\n"
"ifconfig_carp0=\"vhid 2 pass testpass 192.168.1.51/24\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3152
msgid ""
"The third machine, `hostc.example.org`, is configured to handle failover "
"from either of the master hosts:"
msgstr ""
"La tercera máquina, `hostc.example.org`, se configura para manejar el "
"failover de cualquiera de los hosts maestros:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3160
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hostname=\"hostc.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"inet 192.168.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"carp0 carp1\"\n"
"ifconfig_carp0=\"vhid 1 advskew 100 pass testpass 192.168.1.50/24\"\n"
"ifconfig_carp1=\"vhid 2 advskew 100 pass testpass 192.168.1.51/24\"\n"
msgstr ""
"hostname=\"hostc.example.org\"\n"
"ifconfig_fxp0=\"inet 192.168.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"cloned_interfaces=\"carp0 carp1\"\n"
"ifconfig_carp0=\"vhid 1 advskew 100 pass testpass 192.168.1.50/24\"\n"
"ifconfig_carp1=\"vhid 2 advskew 100 pass testpass 192.168.1.51/24\"\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3167
msgid ""
"Preemption is disabled in the [.filename]#GENERIC# FreeBSD kernel.  If "
"preemption has been enabled with a custom kernel, `hostc.example.org` may "
"not release the IP address back to the original content server.  The "
"administrator can force the backup server to return the IP address to the "
"master with the command:"
msgstr ""
"La preemptividad está deshabilitada en el kernel [.filename]#GENERIC# de "
"FreeBSD. Si la preemptividad se ha habilitado con un kernel personalizado "
"`hostc.example.org` podría no devolver la dirección IP al servidor original. "
"El administrador puede forzar que el servidor de reemplazo devuelve al "
"dirección IP al maestro con el comando:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3171
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig carp0 down && ifconfig carp0 up\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig carp0 down && ifconfig carp0 up\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3174
msgid ""
"This should be done on the [.filename]#carp# interface which corresponds to "
"the correct host."
msgstr ""
"Esto se debería hacer en la interfaz [.filename]#carp# que se corresponda "
"con el host correcto."

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3180
#, no-wrap
msgid "VLANs"
msgstr "VLANs"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3184
msgid ""
"VLANs are a way of virtually dividing up a network into many different "
"subnetworks, also referred to as segmenting.  Each segment will have its own "
"broadcast domain and be isolated from other VLANs."
msgstr ""
"VLANs son una forma de dividir una red de forma virtual en muchas subredes "
"diferentes, también llamado segmentación. Cada segmento tendrá su dominio "
"broadcast y está aislado de otras VLANs."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3187
msgid ""
"On FreeBSD, VLANs must be supported by the network card driver.  To see "
"which drivers support vlans, refer to the man:vlan[4] manual page."
msgstr ""
"En FreeBSD, las VLANs tienen que estar soportadas por el controlador de la "
"tarjeta de red. Para ver qué controladores soportan vlans, consulta la "
"página de manual man:vlan[4]."

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3190
msgid ""
"When configuring a VLAN, a couple pieces of information must be known.  "
"First, which network interface? Second, what is the VLAN tag?"
msgstr ""
"Cuando se configura una VLAN, se tienen que conocer un par de datos. "
"Primero, ¿qué interfaz de red? Segundo, ¿cuál es la etiqueta de la VLAN?"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3192
msgid ""
"To configure VLANs at run time, with a NIC of `em0` and a VLAN tag of `5` "
"the command would look like this:"
msgstr ""
"Para configurar una VLAN en tiempo de ejecución, con un NIC de `em0` y una "
"etiqueta de VLAN de `5` el comando se parecería a este:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3196
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig em0.5 create vlan 5 vlandev em0 inet 192.168.20.20/24\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig em0.5 create vlan 5 vlandev em0 inet 192.168.20.20/24\n"

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3201
msgid ""
"See how the interface name includes the NIC driver name and the VLAN tag, "
"separated by a period? This is a best practice to make maintaining the VLAN "
"configuration easy when many VLANs are present on a machine."
msgstr ""
"¿Te has fijado en cómo el nombre de la interfaz incluye el nombre del "
"controlador del NIC y la etiqueta VLAN, separados por un punto? Esta es la "
"mejor forma de mantener la configuración de la VLAN sencilla cuando hay "
"muchas VLANs en la máquina."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3205
msgid ""
"To configure VLANs at boot time, [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# must be updated.  "
"To duplicate the configuration above, the following will need to be added:"
msgstr ""
"Para configurar VLANs en el arranque, se tiene que actualizar [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.conf#. Para duplicar la configuración de arriba, se tiene que añadir "
"lo siguiente:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3210
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"vlans_em0=\"5\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0_5=\"inet 192.168.20.20/24\"\n"
msgstr ""
"vlans_em0=\"5\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0_5=\"inet 192.168.20.20/24\"\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3213
msgid ""
"Additional VLANs may be added, by simply adding the tag to the `vlans_em0` "
"field and adding an additional line configuring the network on that VLAN "
"tag's interface."
msgstr ""
"Se pueden añadir VLANs adicionales, simplemente añadiendo la etiqueta al "
"campo `vlans_em0` y añadiendo una línea adicional configurando la red en la "
"interfaz de esa etiqueta VLAN."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3217
msgid ""
"It is useful to assign a symbolic name to an interface so that when the "
"associated hardware is changed, only a few configuration variables need to "
"be updated.  For example, security cameras need to be run over VLAN 1 on "
"`em0`.  Later, if the `em0` card is replaced with a card that uses the man:"
"ixgb[4] driver, all references to `em0.1` will not have to change to "
"`ixgb0.1`."
msgstr ""
"Es útil asignar un nombre simbólico a una interfaz de forma que cuando el "
"hardware asociado cambie, sólo se necesiten actualizar unas pocas variables "
"de configuración. Por ejemplo, las cámaras de seguridad necesitan ejecutarse "
"sobre VLAN 1 en `em0`. Después, si la tarjeta `em0` es reemplazada con una "
"tarjeta que utiliza el controlador man:ixgb[4], no habrá que cambiar a `ixgb0"
".1` todas las referencias a `em0.1`."

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3219
msgid ""
"To configure VLAN `5`, on the NIC `em0`, assign the interface name "
"`cameras`, and assign the interface an IP address of `_192.168.20.20_` with "
"a `24`-bit prefix, use this command:"
msgstr ""
"Para configurar la VLAN `5`, en el NIC `em0`, asigna el nombre de interfaz "
"`cameras`, y asignar al interfaz la dirección IP `_192.168.20.20_` con un "
"prefijo de `24` bits, usa este comando:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3223
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig em0.5 create vlan 5 vlandev em0 name cameras inet 192.168.20.20/24\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig em0.5 create vlan 5 vlandev em0 name cameras inet 192.168.20.20/24\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3226
msgid "For an interface named `video`, use the following:"
msgstr "Para un interfaz llamado `video`, usa lo siguiente:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3230
#, no-wrap
msgid "# ifconfig video.5 create vlan 5 vlandev video name cameras inet 192.168.20.20/24\n"
msgstr "# ifconfig video.5 create vlan 5 vlandev video name cameras inet 192.168.20.20/24\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3233
msgid ""
"To apply the changes at boot time, add the following lines to [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.conf#:"
msgstr ""
"Para aplicar los cambios en el arranque, añade las siguientes líneas a [."
"filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:"

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/advanced-networking/_index.adoc:3239
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"vlans_video=\"cameras\"\n"
"create_args_cameras=\"vlan 5\"\n"
"ifconfig_cameras=\"inet 192.168.20.20/24\"\n"
msgstr ""
"vlans_video=\"cameras\"\n"
"create_args_cameras=\"vlan 5\"\n"
"ifconfig_cameras=\"inet 192.168.20.20/24\"\n"

#~ msgid ""
#~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[] include::shared/"
#~ "{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists."
#~ "adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[]\n"
#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[]\n"
#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists.adoc[]\n"
#~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]"
